Migration (F)
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99 Terms
When did the Vikings invade?
878
What was the name of the first place Vikings attacked?
Lindisfarne
Where did the Anglo Saxons come from?
Scandinavia
Why did the Vikings come to England?
For land and to unite their people
When did Alfred the Great become King?
871
What happened when the Vikings delivered a series of attacks towards Wessex? and when?
Alfred’s army were driven back in 876
In what year were peace terms agreed between King Alfred and the Vikings?
878
What were the terms involved in the peace treaty between King Alfred and the Vikings?
Viking Leader had to become Christian
Alfred accepted the Vikings in England but not in Wessex
What was the name of the Viking Leader?
Guthrum
What did King Alfred the great do?
Encouraged education
Established laws
Agreed peace with Vikings
When did King Alfred the Great die?
899
Who surpassed Alfred the great on the throne?
Edward the elder
What did Edward the elder do on the throne?
He retook southeast England from the Danes
When did Edward the elder die?
924
Who surpassed Edward the Elder?
His son, Athelstan
What did Athelstan do?
Extended the boundaries of the kingdom and conquered Northumbria
When did Athelstan conquer Northumbria?
927
When did Athelstan die?
939
Who surpassed Athelstan and when did his reign end?
Edmund who died in 946
Who surpassed Edmund and when did his reign end?
Eadred, who died in 955
Who surpass Eadred and when did his reign end?
Eadwig, who died in 959
Who surpassed Eadwig in 959?
Edgar the peaceful
Who were Edmund, Eadred and Eadwig all sons of?
Athelstan
What happened during the reign of Edgar?
Country was calm and stable. He had 2 sons, Edward and Aethelred
When did Edgar the Peaceful die?
975
Who surpassed Edgar the Peaceful?
Edward
Why was Edwards reign so short?
He was murdered by supporters of Aethelred
When did Edward die?
978
Who surpassed Edward?
Aethelred the unready
What happened in the reign of Aethelred the unready?
Vikings invaded England again with 90 ships. Aethelred decided to pay them to leave and introduced a tax called Dane geld to fund this.
What did Aethelred do when Vikings continued to demand more Dane geld?
Made a pact with the Duke of Normandy to stop giving them shelter. Married his sister Emma to seal it.
When did Aethelred kill the Vikings?
1002
What did Aethelred do in 1002?
Kill all the Vikings he could find in Danelaw
Who was the leader of the Vikings in the time of Aethelred?
Sven Forkbeard
Why did Forkbeard attack Wessex?
For wealth and revenge, his sister was killed in the massacre.
What happened when Forkbeard attacked Wessex?
He won and was pronounced King of England
When did Forkbeard attack England?
1013
When was Forkbeard crowned?
Christmas Day 1013
When did Forkbeard die?
5 weeks after his reign started
When Forkbeard was crowned what happened to Aethelred?
On Christmas Day, He fled to Normandy
Who surpassed Forkbeard?
His son, Cnut
When did Aethelred return to Wessex to reclaim the throne?
1014
How did Aethelred reclaim the throne?
He forced King Cnut to leave but afterwards had a constant war with him
When did Aethelred’s reign end?
871
Who surpassed Aethelred?
Edmund II Ironside
What happened at the battle of Assandun?
Cnut defeated Edmund and they made a pact in which Edmund would run Wessex and Cnut would run the rest of the country. When one of the kings died the other would rule all of England.
Why was Cnut’s reign significant?
He was tough with rebelling Saxons
Executed powerful Saxons
He was fair and peaceful
He married Emma and had 1 son to improve relations with Normans
Religious but allowed other religions
When did Edmund die and what impact did it have?
In 1016 and it meant that Cnut was now the King of England
Who was Emma of Normandy?
The wife of both Aethelred and Cnut
The mother of Edmund Iron side and Edward the confessor
Who surpassed Cnut?
Edward the confessor
What is the problem when Edward the confessor dies?
He had no children so there is a war for who should get the throne
Who are the three competitors for the throne after Edward the confessor dies?
Harald Hardrada
Harold Godwinson
William Duke of Normandy
Why did Harald Hardrada think he deserved the throne?
He was a Norwegian King who was related to a previous English King
Why did Harold Godwinson think that he deserved the throne?
He was the Earl of Wessex and a powerful land owner in England
Why did William Duke of Normandy think that he deserved the throne?
He had been promised the throne by Edward as they were good friends.
Who wins the Battle of Hastings?
William of Normandy
How did William the Conqueror contain rebellions?
Burned and pillaged Villages
Set up over 500 castles to scare away and keep an eye on rebellions
What changes did William the Conqueror make to the Government?
Gave Normans important jobs in the church
Feudal system
Put loyal people in control when he went back to France.
What was the Feudal system?
A hierarchy of power which allowed William to supply land in return for knights, money and loyalty when needed.
How was Henry II related to William the conqueror and what did this affect?
He was his Great Grandson which meant he inherited England, Normandy and Anjou from his father
Who did Henry II marry?
Elanor of Aquitaine, the richest woman in Europe
Who asked Henry II for help for Ireland?
Dermot, an Irish King asked Henry II for help against another Irish King and Henry sent a strong army.
Which King did Henry II have problems with?
Louis VII
What happens in Ireland when Dermot dies?
Henry II is declared “Overlord” as his troops won the territory. He then establishes military defenses in Ireland.
What does the son on Henry II do?
He rebels against Henry with the help of Louis VII
When did Henry gain Irish teritory?
1171
When did Henry II get betrayed by his son?
1173
When did Henry help Dermot in Ireland?
1166
When does King Henry II die?
1189
Who succeeds Henry II?
His son, Richard I
What happens during the reign of Richard I
He is away a lot on crusades
Rebellions break out in the Angevin Empire
Spends lots of money his dad made
When does Richard I die?
1199
Who succeeds Richard I?
His brother John
Who do Lords all over the Angevin Empire want on the throne instead of John?
His nephew, Arthur
When does Arthur die?
1203
How does Arthur’s death complicate things?
People think that John stabbed him which alienated many important figures in the empire
When does King Philip II of France defeat John?
1204
Who invades John’s empire in the early 1200s
King Phillip II of France
What is John left with after King Phillip of France attacks?
England
What does John do when he returns to England after losing the Angevin Empire?
Raises Taxes so he can build an army to take back France
When does John go back to France with an army?
1214
What happens in 1214 when John tries to reclaim France?
He is defeated again and is left with just Gascony
How did the English react to defeat again in France?
Barons rebelled and John is forced it sign the Magna Carta
When does John sign the magna carta?
1215
What is the Magna Carta?
A agreement that the monarch gives up certain powers and can no longer do whatever they want.
When does John die?
1216
Who was the Hundred Years War between?
England and France
When did the Hundred years war start?
1337
When did the hundred year war end?
1453
Who was the King of England during the start of the Hundred years war?
Edward III
Why did Edward III want to go to war with France?
To control the French throne and get more land
Where was the hundred years war fought?
Some at sea but most in France
Who won the hundred years war?
France
Who was Joan of Arc?
17 year old girl who believed that she was sent by God to save the french.
What happened to Joan Arc when she was captured?
Burnt on the stake
Why did the battle of Agincourt happen?
Henry V was determined to regain the territories in France that former kings of England had lost
Who won the battle of Agincourt?
The English
Why did people go to America?
To escape religious persecution
Opportunities for jobs and better pay
Demand for cheap labour
Where did the Vikings come from?
Denmark