QE ITP/PSYCHSTATS MOCK TEST

Wilhelm Wundt

Who is often referred to as the "father of modern psychology" and established the first psychology laboratory?

Behaviorism

What approach to psychology emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the influence of the environment on behavior?

Mental processes and thinking

The cognitive revolution in psychology emphasized the study of:

Exploration of basic sensory experience

Structuralism, founded by Edward Titchener, focused on the:

Plato, Aristotle, Socrates

The Great Greek triumvirates that significantly contributed to the development of Psychology.

Trust versus Mistrust

Which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs during infancy?

Concrete operational stage

Piaget's cognitive development theory consists of four stages. In which stage do children start to think logically and understand conservation?

Conventional level

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which level of moral reasoning is characterized by making decisions based on societal norms and laws?

Social interactions and cultural context

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the role of:

Identity versus role confusion

According to Erikson, the psychosocial crisis of adolescence revolves around:

Classical conditioning

Which term describes the process by which a learned response becomes associated with a particular stimulus through repeated pairings?

The difference between a child's current ability and their potential ability

The concept of "zone of proximal development" refers to:

Late adulthood

During which stage of development do individuals typically experience physical and cognitive decline, often marked by memory loss and decreased cognitive function?

Prenatal

Which stage of development occurs before birth?

During which prenatal stage does rapid cell division and implantation occur?

Germinal stage

8

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development includes how many stages?

Preoperationa

Which stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by egocentrism and symbolic thinking?

Adolescence

At which stage of development do individuals typically experience puberty?

identity

According to Erikson, the primary task during adolescence is the development of:

Middle adulthood

Which stage of development is often characterized by the "midlife crisis"?

Erikson's psychosocial theory

The concept of "ego integrity vs. despair" is a key idea in which theory of aging?

Fluid intelligence

Which cognitive ability tends to decline with age, as highlighted in Schaie's stages of cognitive development

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

According to Kubler-Ross, what are the stages of coping with impending death?

c) Adequate intake of prenatal vitamins

Miscarriages, often known as spontaneous abortions, can occur due to various factors. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of miscarriages?

a) Genetic abnormalities in the fetus

b) Maternal infections during pregnancy

c) Adequate intake of prenatal vitamins

d) Hormonal imbalances in the mother

Cesarean birth

Which method of birth involves surgically delivering the baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus?

Nervous system

The communication system that controls bodily functions using hormones is known as the

Dendrite

The part of the neuron that receives information from other neurons or sensory receptors is called the:

sympathetic nervous system

The "fight or flight" response is associated with the activation of which part of the nervous system?

Hypothalamus

The area of the brain responsible for regulating basic bodily functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion is called the:

Serotonin

Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation, sleep, and appetite?

Neuroplasticity

The process by which the brain can reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life is known as:

Synapse

The junction between two neurons where information is transmitted through chemical signals is called the:

Perception

Which term refers to the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information to give it meaning?

Absolute threshold

What term describes the minimum difference in stimulation required to detect a difference between two stimuli?

Encoding

When information is being moved from sensory memory to short-term memory, what process is taking place?

Short-term Memory

Which type of memory is responsible for holding a limited amount of information for a short duration?

Intrapersonal Intelligence

According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which intelligence involves understanding oneself and having a deep awareness of one's emotions?

Cognitive Learning Theory

Which learning theory focuses on mental processes such as attention, perception, and problem-solving, and emphasizes the use of mnemonic devices to enhance memory recall?

Context-Dependent Memory

When information is better recalled if the context of learning matches the context of retrieval, what phenomenon is being described?

Emotions are caused by physiological responses.

What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Amygdala

Which brain structure plays a crucial role in the regulation of emotions, such as fear and aggression?

Motivation arising from internal factors and personal satisfaction.

What is intrinsic motivation?

Conscientiousness

According to the Big Five model of personality, which trait is characterized by being organized, responsible, and dependable?

Projection

The defense mechanism in which an individual attributes their own undesirable qualities onto others is called:

Psychoanalytic

Which approach to personality emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping personality?

Abraham Maslow

The concept of self-actualization is closely associated with:

Applying psychological principles to real-world problems

Which of the following is a primary focus of applied psychology?

Psychological disorders and emotional distress

A clinical psychologist is most likely to work with individuals who are experiencing:

Enhancing workplace productivity and employee well-being

What is the main goal of industrial-organizational psychology?

A school psychologist is likely to be involved in:

Assessing and supporting students' academic and emotional needs

What is the purpose of psychological statistics?

To summarize and interpret data in psychology

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency

a) Range

b) Standard deviation

c) Variance

d) Mean

d

A negatively skewed distribution means

The tail of the distribution is on the left side

A p-value is?

The probability of obtaining the observed results if the null hypothesis is true

What does a correlation coefficient of -0.75 indicate?

A strong negative correlation

t-test

Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups?

Obtain a representative sample of the population

The purpose of random sampling is to:

Rejecting a true null hypothesis

What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

The new drug

A researcher is conducting an experiment to study the effects of a new drug on anxiety levels. What is the independent variable in this study?

A positive correlation coefficient indicates:

A strong positive relationship between the variables

The results are highly significant

What does a p-value of 0.05 indicate in hypothesis testing?

To establish a baseline for comparison

In an experimental design, what is the purpose of a control group?

To draw conclusions about a population based on a sample

What is the purpose of inferential statistics?

Chi-square test

Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables?

When should a one-tailed test be used in hypothesis testing?

When the researcher is only interested in a significant result in one direction

To measure the strength and direction of a linear relationship

What is the purpose of a correlation coefficient?

d

Which of the following is a non-probability sampling technique?

a) Simple random sampling

b) Systematic sampling

c) Stratified sampling

d) Convenience sampling

d

Which of the following research designs allows for causal conclusions to be drawn?

a) Cross-sectional design

b) Longitudinal design

c) Correlational design

d) Experimental design

Positive correlation

A researcher wants to study the relationship between hours of study and exam scores. What type of correlation is expected?

c

20\.Which of the following is an example of an ordinal scale measurement?

a) Age in years

b) Height in inches

c) Likert scale responses

d) Weight in pounds

One-way ANOVA

You're conducting a study with three different groups of participants: Group A, Group B, and Group C. You want to compare the means of a continuous variable among these groups. Which statistical test should you use?

Pearson correlation coefficient

In your research, you're examining the relationship between the number of hours spent studying and the exam scores obtained by students. Which statistical test is most suitable for assessing the strength of this relationship?

Paired t-test

You're investigating the effectiveness of a new teaching method by measuring the performance of the same group of students before and after the intervention. What test is appropriate for analyzing changes over time within the same group?

Chi-square test

You're conducting a study to determine if there's a significant difference in the proportions of male and female participants who prefer two different brands of soft drinks. Which statistical test should you use?

Welch's t-test

You have limited data but want to compare the means of a continuous variable between two independent groups. Which test is appropriate in this scenario?

Regression analysis

Your study involves analyzing the combined effect of age, income, and education level on voting behavior. What statistical method would you use for this analysis?

Paired t-test

You're investigating the impact of a new exercise program on weight loss by measuring participants' weights before and after the program. What test is appropriate for comparing the means of these related measurements?

Regression analysis

You're examining the relationship between the frequency of social media usage (continuous) and the self-reported levels of happiness (categorical: low, moderate, high). Which statistical test is suitable for this analysis?)

Mann-Whitney U test

You're comparing the scores of two groups of participants who received different teaching methods to see if there's a significant difference in their performance. The data is not normally distributed. Which statistical test should you use?

Kruskal-Wallis H test

You're conducting a study involving three age groups (young, middle-aged, and elderly) to analyze their satisfaction levels with a new product. You want to determine if there's a significant difference in satisfaction across these groups, but keep in mind that the distribution of the data is not normal. Which statistical test is appropriate?