EGRB 310 - Unit 1 Terms

Transverse

Plane of the body that slices parallel to the ground.

Coronal

Plane of the body that shows the front view.

Sagittal

Plane of the body that shows the side view.

Superior

Upward (hip to head) direction in the coronal view.

Inferior

Downward (hip to feet) direction in the coronal view.

Lateral

Away from the midline in the coronal view. Also describes rotation in that direction.

Medial

Towards the midline in the coronal view. Also describes rotation in that direction.

Anterior

Away from the body in the forwards direction, sagittal view.

Posterior

Away from the body in the backwards direction, sagittal view.

Proximal

Direction towards the body, along a limb.

Distal

Direction away from the body, along a limb.

Flexion

Movement that closes the joint.

Extension

Movement that opens the joint.

Abduction

Movement away from the body.

Adduction

Movement towards the body.

Pronation

Rotational movement in the arm that turns the palms down.

Supination

Rotational movement in the arm that turns the palms up.

Synarthrodial

Type of joint with effectively no motion.

Connected with connective tissue.

Ex. suture connections in the skull

Amphiarthrodial

Type of joint that's held together by cartilage.

Ex. vertebral column

Diarthrodial

Type of joint that is able to move, 6 types.

Membrane-bound region of synovial fluid.

Ex. fingers

Hinge

Type of diarthrodial joint with uniaxial flexion/extension (only moves in 1 direction).

Ex. elbow

Pivot

Type of diarthrodial joint with uniaxial rotation (about 1 axis).

Ex. c1-c2 joint in spine (atlantoaxis joint)

Saddle

Type of diarthrodial joint with biaxial motion (motion in 2 directions that combines into circular motion).

Ex. carpometacarpal joint in thumb

Condyloid

Type of diarthrodial joint with biaxial motion (motion in 2 directions that combines into circular motion).

More restricted movement.

Ex. knee

Ball + Socket

Type of diarthrodial joint with multiaxial movement that allows for full rotation.

Ex. shoulder, hip

Plane

Type of diarthrodial joint with multiaxial movement caused by sliding planes.

Ex. acromioclavicular joint

Skeletal

Muscle type with voluntary movement and striated structure.

Smooth

Muscle type with involuntary movement and unstriated structure.

Ex. stomach walls

Cardiac

Muscle type with involuntary movement and striated structure.

Ex. heart

Concentric

Type of muscle contraction that causes the muscle to shorten.

Eccentric

Type of muscle contraction that causes the muscle to lengthen.

Isometric

Type of muscle contraction that doesn't change the length.

Agonist

Type of muscle that causes movement through contraction.

Antagonist

Type of muscle that opposes the action of another muscle.

Synergist

Type of muscle that compliments the contraction of other muscles.

Fossa

Cavity/depression in the bone.

Process

Extension off a bone.