Exam 3: Shock and Related Conditions

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to shock, sepsis, organ dysfunction, and related medical conditions mentioned in the lecture notes.

Shock

A syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism.

Cellular Hypoxia

A condition resulting from insufficient oxygen in cells for proper metabolism.

Cardiogenic Shock

Shock caused by systolic or diastolic dysfunction of the heart resulting in decreased cardiac output.

Hypovolemic Shock

Shock resulting from inadequate fluid volume in the intravascular space.

Distributive Shock

Shock caused by widespread vasodilation leading to decreased systemic vascular resistance.

Neurogenic Shock

A type of distributive shock caused by spinal cord injury or severe pain.

Anaphylactic Shock

A severe, systemic allergic reaction leading to decreased blood pressure and airway obstruction.

Septic Shock

A severe form of sepsis characterized by persistent hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation.

Obstructive Shock

Shock resulting from a physical obstruction to blood flow.

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Death of heart tissue due to lack of blood supply, can lead to cardiogenic shock.

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

A progressive failure of two or more organ systems due to severe illness.

Vasopressor

A medication used to increase blood pressure in patients who are hypotensive.

Fluid Resuscitation

The process of restoring bodily fluids for patients in shock, commonly through IV fluids.

Lactate Level

A measure used to assess tissue hypoxia and sepsis severity.

Petechiae

Small red or purple spots on the body, indicating bleeding under the skin.

Mottling

A discoloration of the skin due to inadequate blood flow.

Cerebral Autoregulation

The brain’s ability to maintain stable blood flow despite changes in arterial pressure.

ICP Monitoring

The measurement of intracranial pressure to assess for brain injury.

Transfusion Reaction

An adverse reaction to blood transfusion, often related to immune response.

Dysregulated Host Response

An inappropriate response of the immune system, often seen in sepsis.

Hypoxia

Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.

Thrombocytopenia

A condition in which there are abnormally low levels of platelets in the blood.

Intravascular Coagulation

Clotting that occurs within blood vessels, often leading to tissue ischemia.

DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)

A serious disorder in which the proteins that control blood clotting become overactive.

Acute Renal Failure

A rapid loss of kidney function, may be due to shock.

Hemodynamic Monitoring

The measurement of blood pressure and blood flow to assess cardiac function.

Cerebral Salt Wasting

A condition leading to hyponatremia due to loss of sodium through the kidneys.

SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)

A condition where excess antidiuretic hormone leads to water retention.

TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)

An injury to the brain caused by an external force.

GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)

A scale used to assess a patient's level of consciousness after a brain injury.

CT Scan

A diagnostic imaging procedure that uses computer-processed X-rays to produce tomographic images.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

A medical imaging technique used to visualize internal structures of the body, especially the brain.

Stroke

A condition where blood flow to an area of the brain is cut off, causing potential brain damage.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke, often resolves quickly.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A type of stroke caused by bleeding in the brain.

Ischemic Stroke

A type of stroke caused by a blockage in a blood vessel feeding the brain.

Aphasia

A language disorder affecting the production or comprehension of speech.

Dysarthria

A motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury.

Self-Care

Activities that individuals perform to maintain health and well-being.

Nutritional Status

An assessment of the dietary needs and intake of an individual.

Fluid Balance

The state of making sure the body has the right amount of fluids.

Endovascular Therapy

A minimally invasive procedure used to treat vascular diseases.

Acute Care Phase

The initial period following an injury that requires immediate medical attention.

Tetraplegia

Paralysis of all four limbs, usually resulting from a spinal cord injury.

Cervical Injury

An injury to the vertebrae in the neck, can significantly affect mobility and function.

Spinal Stabilization

Techniques used to prevent further injury to the spinal cord after trauma.

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A potentially life-threatening condition in patients with spinal cord injury leading to uncontrolled hypertension.

Sensory-Perceptual Problems

Difficulties in processing sensory information and interpreting it.

Emotional Support

Providing comfort and reassurance to individuals facing health challenges.