Revolutions c. 1750-1900

Flashcards for AP World History Unit 5: Revolutions c. 1750-1900

__ philosophies

Philosophies that applied new ways of understanding and empiricist approaches to both the natural world and human relationships, reexamined the role of religion, and emphasized the importance of reason.

natural rights

New political ideas developed during the Enlightenment focused on the individual, __ , and the social contract.

Enlightenment

The rise and diffusion of __ thought questioned established traditions and preceded revolutions and rebellions.

Nationalism

__ became a major force shaping the historical development of states and empires.

reform

Enlightenment ideas and religious ideals influenced various __ movements.

expansion

Expanded suffrage, the abolition of slavery, and the end of serfdom are examples of the __ of rights influenced by Enlightenment ideals.

women's suffrage

Mary Wollstonecraft's "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" and Olympe de Gouges's "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen" are examples of demands for __.

commonality

People around the world developed a new sense of __ based on language, religion, social customs, and territory.

monarchist

Discontent with __ and imperial rule encouraged the development of systems of government and ideologies like democracy and 19th-century liberalism.

American

The __ Revolution served as a model and inspiration for subsequent revolutions.

independent

The American, Haitian, and Latin American independence movements facilitated the emergence of __ states in the Americas.

identity

Newly imagined national communities often linked this new national __ with borders of the state

Propaganda

The __ Movement in the Philippines and Maori nationalism in New Zealand are examples of calls for national unification or liberation.

Industrial

Proximity to waterways, access to coal and iron, urbanization, and improved agricultural productivity were all factors that contributed to the __ Revolution.

factory

The __ system concentrated production in a single location and led to increased specialization of labor.

steam

The rapid development of __ -powered industrial production in Europe and the U.S. increased these regions' share of global manufacturing.

decline

Shipbuilding in India and textile production in Egypt experienced a __ as new methods of industrial production became more common in parts of northwestern Europe

steam

The development of machines, including __ engines and the internal combustion engine, made it possible to use fossil fuels.

fossil

The __ fuels revolution greatly increased the energy available to human societies.

electricity

The second Industrial Revolution led to new methods in the production of steel, chemicals, __ and precision machinery.

telegraph

Railroads, steamships, and the __ made exploration, development, and communication possible in interior regions globally.

Meiji

__ Era: The expansion of U.S. and European influence in Asia led to internal reform in Japan that supported industrialization

textile

Muhammad Ali's development of a cotton __ industry in Egypt is an example of a state-sponsored vision of industrialization.

mercantilism

Western European countries began abandoning __ and adopting free trade policies, influenced by Adam Smith's theories.

transnational

The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) and Unilever are examples of large-scale __ businesses.

limited

Stock markets and __ -liability corporations are examples of financial instruments that developed during the Industrial Age.

socialism

Karl Marx espoused ideologies of __ and communism.

militaries

Some governments in Asia and Africa sought to reform and modernize their economies and __ in response to industrializing states.

industrial

The development of __ capitalism led to increased standards of living for some.

middle

New social classes, including the __ class and the industrial working class, developed during the Industrial Age.

urbanization

Rapid __ led to challenges such as pollution, poverty, increased crime, and public health crises.