1.1.1 - Heating and Cooling Curves

Kinetic Molecular Theory (Particle Theory)

* Inserted Image

State: Solid

Kinetic Energy of Particles:

LOW → particles don’t move as much as they are in a fixed position and vibrate

Kinetic Molecular Theory (Particle Theory)

* Inserted Image

State: Solid

Kinetic Energy of Particles:

LOW → particles don’t move as much as they are in a fixed position and vibrate

State: Solid

Potential Energy of Particles:

HIGH

State: Solid

Arrangement of Particles:

Regular arrangement, all particles are touching, organised (lattice)

State: Liquid

Kinetic Energy of Particles:

Can move past each other freely

State: Liquid

Potential Energy of Particles:

VARIES → depending on the intermolecular forces between the particles

State: Liquid

Arrangement of Particles:

Most touching

State: Gas

Kinetic Energy of Particles:

HIGH - particles move at very high speeds in all directions with total freedom

State: Gas

Potential Energy of Particles:

VERY LOW

State: Gas

Arrangement of Particles:

Large amounts of space between particles

Phase Changes

*Inserted Image

Gas to Liquid

CONDENSATION

Liquid to Gas

EVAPORATION

Liquid to Solid

FREEZING

Solid to Liquid

MELTING

Solid to Gas

SUBLIMATION

Gas to Solid

DEPOSITION

Heating and Cooling Curves:

*inserted image