GEO 135 - Quiz 4

Chapters 11, 12, 13, & 14

Anthropogenic Landscapes

Landscapes that have been heavily transformed by humans.

Hallyu

South Korea’s popular culture industry which continues to thrive, as Korean music, movies, and television shows have become popular around the world; a phenomenon also known as “Korean wave.”

Hukou

In China, a record in a government system of household registration that determines where citizens are allowed to live. Poor people moving from rural areas to cities are often unable to obtain it, that would officially allow them to do so. They, therefore, live as “undocumented migrants” in their own country and face difficult access to governmental services, including education for their children.

Ideographic Writing

A writing system in which each symbol represents not a sound but rather a concept.

Laissez-Faire

An economic system in which the state has minimal involvement and in which market forces largely guide economic activity.

One Belt, One Road

Also known as the “new Silk Road” initiative, this is a program that China is using to attempt to reorient global trade networks so that they focus on the Eurasian landmass rather than the Atlantic and Pacific ocean basins, a move that could have major geopolitical ramifications.

Pollution Exporting

The process of exporting industrial pollution and other waste material to other countries. It can be direct, as when waste is simply shipped abroad for disposal, or indirect, as when highly polluting factories are constructed abroad.

Tsunamis

Very large sea waves induced by earthquakes.

Bustees

Sprawling squatter settlements in Kolkata and other Indian cities that appear in and around urban areas, providing temporary shelter for many urban migrants.

Cyclones

Large storms, marked by well-defined air circulation around a low-pressure center. Tropical cyclones are typically called hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean and typhoons in the western Pacific.

Enclaves

Portions of a country or of groups of people completely surrounded by another country or a different group of people. For example, the Omani territory of Madha, is an enclave within the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as it is completely surrounded by other portions of the UAE.

Green Revolution

A term applied to the development of new techniques, starting in the 1960s, that have transformed agriculture in India and many other developing countries; these techniques usually involve the use of hybrid seeds that provide higher yields than native seeds when combined with high inputs of chemical fertilizer, irrigation, and pesticides.

Hindu Nationalism

A contemporary “fundamentalist” religious and political movement that promotes Hindu values as the essential—and exclusive—fabric of Indian society. As a political movement, it generally has less tolerance of India’s large Muslim minority than other political movements.

Indian Diaspora

The historical and contemporary movement of people from India to other countries in search of better opportunities. This process has led to large Indian populations in South Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific islands, along with Western Europe and North America.

Indian Subcontinent

The large Eurasian peninsula that extends south of the Himalayan Mountains and that encompasses most of South Asia.

Linguistic Nationalism

The promotion of one language over others that is, in turn, linked to shared notions of political identity. In India, some nationalists promote Hindi as the unifying language of the country, yet this is resisted by many non-Hindi-speaking peoples.

Microfinance

A program to reduce poverty based on providing loans to small-scale business. Low-interest, for example, is provided by Grameen Bank to many poor women in Bangladesh, allowing the emergence of some vibrant small-scale enterprises.

Monsoon

The seasonal pattern of changes in winds, heat, and moisture in South Asia and other regions of the world that is a product of larger meteorological forces of land and water heating, the resultant pressure gradients, and jet-stream dynamics. These produces distinct wet and dry seasons.

Orographic Rainfall

Enhanced precipitation over uplands that results from lifting (and cooling) of air masses as they are forced over mountains.