Module 2 - Prenatal Development and Birthing

__% of birth defects result from environmental factos

10

__% of birth defects result from genetic factors

25

__% of birth defects result from unknown agents

65

Teratogen

• environmental agent that causes harm to embryo or fetus

• most dangerous between 3-8 weeks

Prenatal Period

fetal period to birth

Fetal Period

week 9 to birth

at 9 weeks, fetus is 3 inches long and weighs one ounce

Thalidomide

a teratogenic drug that caused severe birth defects when taken during pregnancy, particularly affecting limb development

was originally given to stop morning sickness

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

• fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

• alcohol related neurodevelopment disorders (ARND)

• alcohol related birth defects (ARBD)

• neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

cluster of birth defects resulting from prenatal alcohol consumption

baby becomes addicted and goes through with drawl once born

Alcohol Related Neurodevelopment Disorders (ARND)

less severe symptoms from baby

Alcohol

CDC estimates that more than 130,000 women consume alcohol during pregnancy

Cocaine effects during pregnancy

• fetal brain damage

• increased occurrence of miscarriage

• constricted blood vessels in uterus

• premature birth

Cocaine baby’s exhibit mental _______ 5 times greater than general public

retardation

Tobacco prenatal complications

• high rates of spontaneous abortion

• higher rates of still birth

• growth retardation

Obstetrical Medications

• these agents known to enter fetal circulation, exerting their effects on the child within minutes after mom takes it

• may impair fetal development

• no such thing as placenta barrier, all things can cross over

Prenatal Diagnostic Procedures

• ultrasound

• amniocentesis

• chronic villus sampling

• alpha-fetoprotein test

Ultrasound

• sonogram

• can measure baby head size, length

• detect heart beat

• can detect baby gender

Aminocentesis

• needle inserted through abdominal wall to get a sample of amniotic sac to be tested for abnormalities

Chronic Villus Sampling (CVS)

• can detect abnormalities before amniocentesis

• a plastic catheter is inserted through the cervix to get a sample of villi of the chorion

Sedentary women would need to increase caloric intake by __cal/day

300

Lack of _____ in mother can lead to impaired prenatal brain growth

protein

Grandmother Affect

• the second as well as the first generation elicit the effects of poor nutrition

Do Not Exercise if High Risk or Experiencing

• pregnancy induced hypertension

• preterm labour

• incompetent cervix cerclage

• persistant 2 and 3 trimester bleeding

Stages of Labour

1. Thinning and dilation of the uterus

2. baby comes down the birth canal and out

3. the placenta detaches and comes out

Motion is _______!

lotion