Exam #3 - Chem 100

Energy

is the ability to apply a force over a distance

Power

is the amount of energy generated or used in a certain amount of time

Watt

is the number of joules of energy transferred per second

First law of Thermodynamics

that energy cannot be created or destroyed 

Fossil fuel

fuels formed from decayed organic matter over millions of years

Fractional distillation

process by which oil refineries separate into different more useful hydrocarbons based on their MW

Fractionation

heating to a high temperature and separating fractions based on MW 

Electrochemical cell

a device that can produce power from certain chemical reactions.

Electrolysis

of water uses energy to form hydrogen plus oxygen gas

Fuel cell

a special type of electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy to electricity 

Life cycle assessment

helps to determine the sustainability of a certain product.

Polymer

is a large organic molecule made up of smaller organic molecules called monomers

Monomer

a small molecule that can be bonded with other similar molecules to form a larger molecule called a polymer

Lightweighting

the process of reducing the mass of plastic used to make a container

Macromolecules 

a very large molecule 

Nutrients

are substances that provide nourishment which the body needs for growth

Macronutrients

those that the body needs in large amounts

Micronutrients

those that the body needs in smaller amounts

Biomolecules

organic molecules produced by living organisms

essential amino acids

cannot be made by the human body and must be consumed in the diet

 non-essential amino acids

produced by the body

Proteins

polymers of amino acids

Enzymes

are proteins that catalyze reactions

Hormones

are chemical messenger molecules

 Antibodies

are provided and are sent out in response to infection

Lipids

molecules that dissolve in nonpolar solvents

Nonpolar

a hydrocarbon chain, no positive or negative charge 

Polar

water , excess negative charge center on the oxygen atom