Embryonic Stem Cells

what are stem cells?

cells that proliferate into daughter cells

one daughter cell undergoes differentiation

what is the difference between adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells

• embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cells despite their location

• adult stem cells can only differentiate into cells that are specific to its tissue of origin

what are the current limitations of medicine

• not ___________

• damage to body can be ______ and _________

• the need for _______ or ______ ______ is far greater than the supply

  • _______ limited

  • ______ ______ is a problem

• individualized

• permanent and untreatable

• tissue or organ transplant

  • donors limited

  • transplant rejection

Diseases and injuries are broadly divided into which three cellular problems?

1. too much cell division (tumor)

2. not enough cell division (spinal chord injury weakened heart muscles)

3. abnormal cell function (hemophilia— unable to produce the ight amount of clotting factors)

stem cell therapy reduces the need for

• surgery

• pharmacologic intervention

stem cells may change how patients are treated by modern medicine allowing for more

• ________ treatments

• opportunities for __________ __________

individualized

disease research

what is the difference between differentiation and proliferation

proliferation- stem cell dividing into another stem cell

differentiation - stem cell differentiates into a new cell

the process whereby a cell becomes a specialized cell

differentiation

the process of a cell dividing in two (also called cell division, cell replication)

proliferation

what are 7 examples of differentiated cells?

1. columnar epithelial cells

2. red blood cells

3. smooth muscle

4. bone

5. nerve

6. ovum

7. sperm

during _________ the cell goes through the cell cycle and divides into 2 cells

which phase of the cell cycle does this take pace in?

proliferation

mitotic phase

during ________ the cell usually exits the cell

• many remain in the _____ phase

differentiation

G0

cells that serve as a normal reservoir for new cells needed to