HSC Legal Studies - Human Rights terminology TEST (copy)

what is the UDHR's importance

It has inspired more than 200 international treaties, conventions, declarations and bills of rights in the last 50 years

legislation and treaties for peace rights

Declaration on the right of people to peace (1984), UN Human Rights Council issued a new general comment in 2018 on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)

legislation and treaties for environmental rights

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999), ​​Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 NSW, The Rio Declaration (1992):

legislation and treaties for self determination

Article 15 of the UDHR, Article 1 of the ICCPR, Article 1 of the ICESCR

legislation and treaties for universal education

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Public Instruction Act 1880 (NSW)

legislation and treaties for universal suffrage

Constitutional Amendment (Adult Suffrage) Act 1894, Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1920), Representation of the People Act 1918 (UK)

legislation and treaties for trade unionism and labour rights

Trade Union Act 1871 (UK, The Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) 1927, Labour rights were finally enshrined in articles 23 and 24 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1984), Industrial Relations Act 1988 (Cth) and the Industrial Relations Reform Act 1993 (Cth).

legislation and treaties for abolition of slavery

Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (UK), Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery (1926), Article 4 of the UDHR and Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth)

Human Rights

- basic fundamental rights and freedoms
- belongs to all human beings.
- cannot be taken away
- universal, inalienable as well as inherent in all people.

State Sovereignty

The concept that nations have the right to govern themselves and determine their own destiny without interference from other nations or organisations.

NGOs

Non Government Organisations: Independent non- profit groups which report on worldwide human rights.

IGOs

Inter Governmental Organisations: An international institution made up of member states.

ICCPR

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: An international treaty where states are obliged to respect individual's civic and political rights.

ICESCR

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: An international treaty where states are obliged to respect an individual's economic, social and cultural rights.

The 3 documents that make up the International Bill of Rights

UDHR
ICCPR
ICESCR

Ratify

The process of a state formally approving a treaty and making it legally binding.

Implied Rights

The rights which are implied/suggested in a text.

Sanctions

Restrictions placed on the government of a state by the international community; usually includse travel and trade restrictions.

Bilateral Agreement

An international agreement between two nation states.

Multilateral Agreement

An international treaty between 3 or more nation states.

UDHR

Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Adopted in 1948 by the UN. Outlines 30 rights.

Inherent

Essential to common humanity.

State

A government and the people it governs; a country.

Nation

A people who share a common heritage, language and culture.

UNGA

United Nations General Assembly

UNSC

United Nations Security Council

UNHRC

United Nations Human Rights Council

OHCHR

Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights

ICJ

The International Court of Justice

ICC

International Criminal Court

Human Trafficking/Slavery

The commercial movement of human beings.

Asylum Seeker

Seeking safety/refuge but not officially determined to be a refugee.

Refugee

A person who is officially recognised as someone who needs protection or safe haven.

R2P

Responsibility to Protect

ILO

International Labour Organisation

ICRC

International Committee of the Red Cross

International Humanitarian Law

A body of international law developed from the Geneva and Hague conventions that deals with the conduct of states and individuals during armed conflict

Veto

The right to reject a decision or proposal made by a lawmaking body

HRC

The Human Rights Commission