Research Purpose, Questions

What is the primary source of many research questions?

Observations made during practical research or personal experiences.

What are the four key questions to consider when refining a study question?

What is the one well-defined research question, what specific aims/hypotheses will answer it, would a conceptual framework be helpful, and is the study feasible?

What is a research goal or purpose?

The main question that a research project seeks to answer.

How is a scientific hypothesis typically structured?

As an if/then statement.

What is a hypothesis?

An informed assumption about the likely outcome of an investigation that can be tested using scientific knowledge.

What is a specific aim or objective?

A carefully described action that helps the researcher make progress toward achieving the big-picture research goal.

How many specific aims do most health science studies typically have?

Two to four.

What format should a specific aim statement take?

A question or a 'to' statement using an action verb like 'to measure' or 'to compare'.

What are the two types of hypotheses mentioned in the context of statistical testing?

One-tailed and two-tailed.

What is the first step in reflecting on practical research questions?

Asking yourself the who, where, when, what, why, and how often.

What is the primary requirement for a study to be considered feasible?

There is a high likelihood that the research team will be able to answer the study's main research question.

What is the purpose of a conceptual framework in research?

To guide the design, analysis, and interpretation of the study and its results.

What are examples of practical research areas that reveal unmet demands?

Descriptive studies, needs assessments, program evaluations, and clinical effectiveness.

In experimental studies, what form might specific aims take?

Hypotheses that will be tested.

What is the main goal of a needs assessment?

To identify gaps or requirements in clinical or public health practice.

What is the main goal of a program evaluation?

To assess the effectiveness or impact of a specific program or model.

Why is it important to have a well-defined research goal?

It ensures the study has a clear focus and a specific question to answer.

What does the 'if' portion of a hypothesis represent?

The independent variable or the condition being tested.

What does the 'then' portion of a hypothesis represent?

The predicted outcome or dependent variable.

What training modules must be completed for the course competency requirement?

CITI training and RCR training.

How do you provide proof of completion for required training modules?

Submit a screenshot of completion certificates or transcripts of completed modules.

What are the four primary sources for generating research ideas?

Everyday observations, personal experiences, education, and clinical/professional practice.

What are four methods used to identify gaps in existing research?

Descriptive studies, needs assessments, program evaluations, and treatment effectiveness studies.

What is the primary rule when formulating a research question?

There should be only one primary question.

How should a research hypothesis be structured?

As an 'IF... THEN' statement predicting an outcome.

What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?

The independent variable is the cause, while the dependent variable is the effect.

What does the acronym SMART stand for in the context of research aims?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

How many specific aims are typically included in a research project?

Usually 2 to 4 clear goals using action verbs.

In the candy study example, what are the independent and dependent variables?

Independent variable: candy; Dependent variables: happiness and test scores.

In the anti-inflammatory diet study, what are the dependent variables?

Gingival inflammation, periodontal health, and the microbiome.