lymphatic system

What are the three main parts of the lymphatic system?

Network of lymphatic vessels, lymph (fluid), and lymphatic tissues/organs.

How does lymph flow through lymphatic vessels?

One-way toward the heart.

Where does lymphatic transport begin?

Lymphatic capillaries in loose connective tissue.

What do lymphatic trunks eventually drain into?

Right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct.

Which body regions drain into the right lymphatic duct?

Right arm and right side of head and thorax above the liver.

Which duct drains the rest of the body?

Thoracic duct.

Where do lymphatic ducts empty lymph?

At the junction of the jugular and subclavian veins.

What are primary lymphoid organs?

Where lymphocytes are produced and mature.

Where do B cells mature?

Red bone marrow.

Where do T cells mature?

Red bone marrow then thymus.

What are secondary lymphoid organs?

Sites where lymphocytes become activated and fight pathogens.

What cells are common in lymphoid tissues?

Macrophages, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, reticular cells.

What do T cells do?

Manage immune response and destroy infected cells.

What do B cells become?

Plasma cells that produce antibodies.

What do lymph nodes do?

Filter lymph and remove microorganisms and debris.

How does lymph enter and leave lymph nodes?

Enters through afferent vessels and exits through efferent vessels.

What are buboes?

Swollen, inflamed lymph nodes.

What is the spleen's main function?

Remove old/damaged red blood cells and debris from blood.

What is found in white pulp?

Lymphocytes and immune activity.

What is found in red pulp?

Macrophages and destruction of old RBCs.

What is MALT?

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in mucous membranes.

What are tonsils?

Lymphoid organs forming a ring around the pharynx that trap pathogens.

Where are Peyer's patches located?

In the ileum of the small intestine.

What structure helps maintain normal intestinal flora?

Appendix.

What are MHC proteins?

Cell surface proteins used by T cells to monitor cell health.

What is positive selection of T cells?

Keeps cells that recognize MHC proteins.

What is negative selection of T cells?

Removes cells that attack self-antigens.