Electricity System Concepts

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on electricity systems, including balance, measurements, power types, and management strategies.

What is the foundational measure of electricity movement?

Voltage and current.

How is voltage conceptualized?

As pressure or push.

What happens when demand is low and there is too much power in the system?

It causes problems.

What measurement is used for energy consumption on power bills?

Watt hours.

What are the two types of current used in electricity grids?

Alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC).

What does a power factor of 1 indicate?

Everything is working fine.

What is measured in megawatts in the electricity market?

The currency of the grid.

What does kV stand for?

Kilovolt, which equals a thousand volts.

How is apparent power described in an AC system?

It includes both real power and reactive power.

What is the key challenge when the demand for electricity exceeds supply?

It can lead to blackouts or brownouts.

What is the relationship defined by the power factor?

The ratio of real power to apparent power.

What capacity is a substation rated in?

Megavolt amperes (MVA).

What determines the ability to deliver electricity?

The capacity of transmission and distribution systems.

What is reactive power?

Power that oscillates between the source and load, needed to maintain electromagnetic fields.

What role do balancing authorities play in the electricity system?

They maintain the balance between electricity supply and demand.

What is demand-side management?

Strategies to reduce or redistribute electricity usage from consumers.

What is the primary concern for electricity consumers?

Reliability of service.

What is a common consequence of inadequate system capacity?

Congestion and inefficient electricity delivery.

How does weather affect electricity demand?

Extreme weather can significantly increase heating or cooling demands.

How is real-time demand managed in electricity systems?

Through monitoring and balancing electricity supply and demand in real time.

What is one function of power markets in electricity systems?

To allow for the trading of excess generation capacity between regions.

What must always be kept constant in an interconnected electricity system?

The balance of supply and demand.

What does 'peak load' refer to?

The maximum electricity demand during a period.

What impacts voltage stability in transmission systems?

The amount of electricity being transferred and distance.

What do transmission customers typically need?

Different capacities based on their demand characteristics.

What is a potential consequence of excessive power generation in one area?

Load rejection or equipment damage due to sudden changes.

What type of energy can reduce peak evening electricity demand?

Renewable energy sources like solar energy.

How is the stability of the electricity grid primarily maintained?

Through efficient interconnections and monitoring.

Why is adequate supply crucial for reliability?

It ensures that electricity is available to meet consumer demand.

What is the main source of energy for the majority of North America?

Alternating current (AC).

Why might a region enter into bulk power transactions with another?

To buy cheaper electricity when local supply is insufficient.