DNA U.2 L.1

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18 Terms

1

Gene

A segment of DNA that contains instructions for making a specific protein.

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2

DNA

A set of instructions for carrying out all cell activities, structured as a double helix.

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3

Chromosomes

Structures made of DNA that contain genetic information, with 46 total (23 pairs) in human cells.

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4

Genetic Material

The DNA present in every cell of the body, identical across all cells.

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5

Nucleotide

An organic molecule made of phosphate, nitrogenous base, and deoxyribose sugar.

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6

Polymer

A molecule made of repeating units, such as DNA.

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7

Genome

The complete DNA sequence in a cell.

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8

CRISPR

A gene therapy tool that acts as a genetic "pair of scissors" to edit DNA.

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9

Nitrogenous Bases

The four components of DNA (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine) that make up the genetic code.

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10

Double Helix

The structure of DNA consisting of two long chains of nucleotides twisted around each other.

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11

Chromatin

The form of DNA that condenses into chromosomes during cell division.

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12

Watson and Crick

Scientists who discovered the structure of DNA and won the Nobel Prize, with Rosalind Franklin contributing to the findings.

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13

Hydrogen Bonds

The bonds that hold nitrogenous base pairs together in DNA (A-T has 2, C-G has 3).

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14

Protein Synthesis

The process controlled by DNA that determines the proteins made by the cell.

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15

RNA

A nucleic acid that contains ribose, uracil instead of thymine, and is single-stranded, used to read DNA for protein creation.

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16

Base Pairing

The specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA (A with T, G with C).

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17

Sides of DNA

Composed of alternating phosphate and sugar molecules, resembling the sides of a ladder.

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18

Rungs of DNA

Formed by pairs of nitrogenous bases held together by hydrogen bonds.

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