Reproductive Structures and Functions

Development in female

Growth spurt

Increase in transverse diameter of the pelvis

Breast development

Growth of pubic hair

Onset of menstruation

Growth of axillary hair

Vaginal secretions

Development in male

Increase in wt.

Growth of testes, facial, axillary, and pubic hair

Voice changes

Penile growth

Increase in ht.

Spermatigenesis

External structures of male rep. System

Penis

Scrotum

Testes

internal structures of male rep. System

Epididymis

Vas deferens (ductus deferens)

Spermatic cord

Seminal vesicles

Ejaculatory ducts

Prostate gland

Urethra

Bulbourethral glands (cowper’s gland)

This has 2 types of erectile tissue

Penis

Structures include the body or shaft, glans penis, and urethra.

Penis

Primary functions include pathway for urina- tion, ejaculation, and the organ used for intercourse.

Penis

2 types of erectile tissue in penis:

Corpus cavernosa and spongiosum

The distal part of penis

Glans

The skin covering the glans

Prepuce

It is stimulated by pns

Penile erection

Functions of scrotum

All of the above

Testes is composed of:

Leydig’s cells and seminiferous tubules

Produce spermatozoa/sperm

Seminiferous tubules

Produce testosterone

Leydig cell

Does sperm survive at body temperature

No

Where sperm mature and stored. For conduction of sperm from the testes to the vas deferens

Epididymis

Carries sperm from the epididymis through the inguinal canal into abdominal cavity where it ends at the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts

Vas deferens

Composed of vas deferens and bloos vessels

Spermatic cord

Functions of seminal vesicles

All of the above

Join the seminal vesicle and urethra

Ejaculatory ducts

Functions of prostate glands

Secrete thin, alkaline fluid

Protects the sperm from being immobilized by low pH of urethra

Length of urethra

5 ½ - 6 ½ inches up to 8 in.

Secrete alkaline that helps counteract the acid secretion of the urethra for safe passage of sperm

Bulbourethral glands (cowper’s glands)

External structures of female rep. System

Mons veneris

Labia minora

Labia majora

Vestibule

Clitoris

Skene’s glands (paraurethral)

Bartholin gland (vulvovaginal)

Fourchette

Perineal muscle

Hymen

Internal structure of female rep. System

Ovaries

Fallopian tubes

Uterus

Vagina

Outer area of genitals in female

Vulva

Inner lips. Located posterior to mons veneris, within labia majora

Labia minora

Pad of fatty cushion over the symphysis pubis

Mons veneris

Outer lips. Consist of 2 folds of adipose tissue that converse at the mons veneris. Positioned lateral top of labia minora. Covered by pubis hair

Labia majora

It is tissue extending from clitoris to posterior fourchette. Consist of vaginal orifice, hymen, fourchete, skene and bartholin glands

Vestibule

Covered by prepuce. Central sexual arousal and organ in female

Clitoris

lubricate external genetalia during coitus

Skene’s glands (paraurethral)

Lubricate external vulva during coitus

Bartholin’s glands (vulvovaginal)

A ridge of tissue formed by posterior joining 2 labia. Where episiotomy is done

Fourchette

Posterior to fourchette. Easily stretched during childbirth to allow enlargement of the vagina and passage of fetal head

Perineal muscle

Covers the opening of vagina

Hymen

Vulvar blood supply

Pudendal artery and inferior rectus artery

Vulvar nerve supply

Ilioinguiniunal/genitofemoral nerves (anterior vulva)

Pudendal nerve (s3 level) (posterior vulva)

Form and expel ova (produce egg)

Secrete estrogen and progesterone

Ovaries

Muscular tubes (oviducts) lying near the ovaries and connected to the uterus. Tubes that propel the ova from the ovaries to the uterus

Fallopian tubes

Parts of Fallopian tubes

Fimbrae

Infundibulum

Ampulla

Isthmus

Place where fertilization happens and a pathway where eggs travels from ovary to uterus

Fallopian tubes

Catch the released egg from ovary

Fimbrae

Receive egg from fimbrae

Infundibulum

Main site of fertilization

Ampulla

Connect to the uterus and help transport the egg into the uterine cavity for implantation

Isthmus

Connect tube directly to the uterine cavity

Interstitial

Receives ova from the fallopian tube

Uterus

Provide place for implantation and nourishment during fetal growth and protect fetus

Uterus

Muscular, pear-shaped cavity in which the fetus develops. Cavity from which menstruation occurs if not pregnant

Uterus

Uterine and cervical coats:

Endometrium

Myometrium

Perimetrium

Where the implantation happens. And it shed during mens. INNER LINING

Endometrium

Causes uterine contraction. MIDDLE MUSCLE

Myometrium

Protect uterus. And acts as a thin outer coat (serosa). OUTER COVERING

Perimetrium

Uterine deviation:

Anteversion

Retroversion

Anteflexion

Retroflexion

Fundus is tipped forward

Anteversion

Fundus is tipped backward

Retroversion

Body of the uterus is bent sharply forward at the junction with the cervix

Anteflexion

The body is bent sharply back

Retroflexion

Acts as an organ of intercourse. Conveys sperm to the cervix

Vagina

Muscular tube that extends from the cervix to the vaginal opening in the perineum

Vagina

Known as birth canal. Passageway for menstrual blood flow, for penis for intercourse, and for the fetus

Vagina

Parts of uterus

Body (corpus)

Isthmus

Cervix

Site of implantation where baby grows

Body (corpus)

In uterus, it acts as an connector. Form the lower uterine segment during pregnancy

Isthmus

It is a passageway sperm can travel through to fertilize eggs. Open during childbirth

Cervix

Parts of cervix

Internal os

Cervical canal

External os

Opens into the body of the uterine cavity

Internal os

Opens into the vagina

External os

Located between the internal and external os

Cervical canal

Is pH acidic

Yes

pH is acidic due to action of

Doderlein’s bacillus

Common name pf doderlein’s bacillus

Lactobacillus species

Normal vaginal pH

Between 3.5-4.5

A good, helpful, & normal flora found in vagina

Doderlein’s bacillus