D386 - Hardware and Operating Systems Essentials - WGU

What is used by the operating system to hold its system code and other programs?

Random access memory (RAM)

What is an example of a server operating system?

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

What is a fundamental building block of an operating system that keeps track of each process in memory, including whether to run it or wait for some event?

Process control management

What is an example of a system call used by the POSIX API for POSIX-based systems running UNIX, Linux, and macOS?

Read()

Which part of a hard disk drive is responsible for storing actual data?

Platters

What is an advantage of solid-state drives (SSD) when compared to hard disk drives (HDD)?

Faster data transfer

What does an IT professional use NVM scheduling for?

To manage the allocation of nonvolatile memory

A laptop user notices that their plugged-in device is overheating and shutting down unexpectedly. What is the most likely solution?

Clean the cooling vents and fan

What is the primary function of the file system interface?

To allow the system to access and manage files

Which feature allows a single physical processor to perform as two processors at the same time?

HTT (Hyper-threading technology)

Which type of memory does not change during the life span of a computer?

Read-only memory (ROM)

Which memory type is stored on a drive and referred to as a paging file?

Virtual RAM

Which memory type is characterized by its independence from the CPU’s external clock?

Asynchronous DRAM

Which memory type shares a common clock signal with the system-bus clock?

Synchronous DRAM

Which cloud feature enables various clients and devices to access resources?

Virtualization

Which virtual machine tool allows testing an application where files are not saved and never affect the physical machine?

Virtual Sandbox

Which virtual machine tool enables applications designed for one hardware type to run on another type?

Cross-platform Virtualization

Which cloud feature allows organizations to track usage and bill accordingly?

Measured Service

Which NFR addresses the likelihood the system will be accessible at a specified time?

Availability

Which automatic configuration occurs when a Windows DHCP client cannot reach a DHCP server?

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

Which Windows tool is referred to as a centralized authentication server?

Domain Controller

Which device offers passive protection against attacks on network or cloud resources?

Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

Which networking solution distributes traffic across multiple servers?

Load balancing

Which service category provides VoIP, instant messaging, and video collaboration?

Communications as a Service (CaaS)

Which tool supports debugging, syntax highlighting, and code execution for Python?

Visual Studio Code

Which customizable text editor supports many programming languages?

Eclipse

Which scripting tool uses cmdlets for specific functions?

PowerShell

Which network topology is cheap and easy to install but difficult to reconfigure?

Bus

Which network hardware works at Layer 2 and provides centralized connectivity?

Switches

Which twisted pair cable transmits up to 10 Mbps?

Category 3

Which virus exploits applications using a mini-basic programming language?

Macro Virus

Which virus changes form to avoid detection?

Polymorphic Virus

A video production company needs massive storage but low energy usage. Which NAS config helps?

Installing lower rotational speed disks

Which storage solution scales automatically with increasing needs?

Network-attached storage (NAS)

A user runs two applications needing 4GB each and OS needs 4GB. How much RAM is needed?

12GB

An application makes requests to a database on another computer. What role is it?

Client

A network printer configured to print documents for users plays what role?

Server

A workstation used for spreadsheets and web browsing should be configured as what role?

Client

Which backend DBMS could be used for cloud-based solutions?

MongoDB

Which tool handles document-based data?

MongoDB

Why choose a tech stack when requirements evolve?

Flexibility

Which basic tool should be used to implement a simple web server?

Apache

Why use a tech stack when building a project with existing libraries/frameworks?

Efficiency

Which layer does a Type 2 hypervisor operate on?

Host operating system

Which cloud characteristic allows automatic scaling down of processing resources?

Elasticity

Which type of isolation do containers employ?

Process

What is a characteristic of containers?

They share the same host operating system

Which solution provides a user with an isolated test environment?

Configuring a virtual machine

Which systems are types of operating systems?

Real-time systems

Which attribute of DRAM must be considered?

Refresh signal

What is a feature of cloud-based operating systems?

They are primarily stateless

What requirement should be understood when configuring RAID 5?

Minimum of three drives are required

Why does programmed I/O not work well with hard disks or displays?

Each I/O word requires a full instruction cycle

What step follows identifying recent changes and breaking down storage issues?

Perform a system backup

Which memory packaging supports quad, triple, and dual channels?

DDR3 DIMM

A client wants secure data without relying on backup. Which RAID?

RAID 1

What component creates and runs VM instances on a host?

Hypervisor

What allows a guest OS to run apps for a different OS?

Emulator

What ability describes isolating OSes when running multiple VMs?

Sandboxing / isolation

What is a temporary holding area for data and programs?

RAM

What similarity exists between RAM and memory cards?

Both are solid-state

Why implement RAID 0?

To improve disk performance

Which OS allows its source code to be modified and redistributed?

Android

Which processors process both 32 and 64 bits?

x86-64 processors

What size data path do today’s DIMMs use?

64-bit

Which processor memory is located on the processor itself?

Level 1 cache (L1)

What does a DIMM use to contain data and amplify a signal before writing?

Registers

Which DRAM type do modern laptops use?

SO-DIMM

Which SSD feature ensures blocks aren’t written to the same location repeatedly?

Wear leveling

What does L1 cache in CPU features refer to?

Level 1 cache on the processor die

Which network device is considered passive?

Hub

Which network type connects devices within ~30 feet?

Personal Area Network (PAN)

Which device routes packets based on IP address?

Router

Which TCP/IP layer handles TCP?

Transport layer

Which protocol translates IP addresses to MAC addresses?

ARP

Which security measure encrypts data in transit?

Confidentiality

Which device centralizes control of resources and compartments files?

Server

What do networks use to communicate with resources and manage data flow?

Network Operating System (NOS)

Which network resources can be on the cloud?

Applications; Disk storage

Which topology offers best fault tolerance?

Mesh

Which device protects network from hackers and blocks unwanted internet content?

Firewall

What is the main protocol at the Internet layer of TCP/IP?

IP (Internet Protocol)

Which port does SSH use?

22

Which connection-oriented protocol sets up secure remote login sessions?

SSH

What is an example IPv4 Class B address?

172.16.1.200

Which DNS technique fights email spam?

DKIM

Which risk-preventing feature deals with likelihood of change?

Volatility

Which technologies prevent breaches by segmenting traffic on a router?

VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding)

Which protocol can be disabled to improve security?

FTP

Which network attack is worsened by high-speed data transfer?

Swarm attack

Which IDE feature pauses execution where defined?

Breakpoints

Which NFR deals with restoring system after brief failure?

Maintainability

Which NFR requires software to run on Windows 10 and 11 without issues?

Portability

Which HDD interface is recommended for professional use?

SCSI

What is a benefit of external drives in corporate settings?

They are plug-and-play

What is the minimum RAM to install 64-bit Windows 11?

4GB

What is recommended RAM for creating/editing FHD media?

16GB

Which technology is used to create WANs?

Leased lines

What is required to run a hypervisor?

High-end CPU

What is the correct structure for local building connectivity?

Local Area Network (LAN)