Constantinople, Norman Conquest, and Crusades

What was the main goal of the First Crusade (1096-1099)?

Western Christians came to aid the Byzantine Empire by marching to the Levant and retake Jerusalem from Muslim control.

What was established after the First Crusade?

Several "Crusader" states including the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

What prompted the Second Crusade (1147-1149)?

The fall of the Crusader state, County of Edessa, to Muslims.

What was the result of the Second Crusade?

The Crusaders failed to capture the city of Damascus.

What significant event occurred during the Fourth Crusade?

Crusaders attacked and pillaged the Christian city, Zara to find money and resources; excommunicated by the Pope. They later attacked Constantinople out of anger.

What was the East-West Schism (Great Schism)?

The division of Christianity into Roman Catholicism in the West (Latin) and Eastern Orthodox in the East (Greek) around 1054 CE.

What was the significance of the Battle of Hastings?

It marked the Norman conquest of England and the establishment of Norman rule.

What was a significant outcome of the First Crusade?

Increased trade and cultural exchange between Europe and the Middle East.

What triggered the Third Crusade (1189-1192)?

The Muslim capture of Jerusalem.

What was the outcome of the Third Crusade?

A stalemate, with Christians gaining access to Jerusalem.

What was the initial intention of the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)?

To retake Jerusalem

What was the impact of the Fourth Crusade on the Byzantine Empire?

It greatly weakened the Byzantine Empire.

Describe Constantinople during the time of the Crusades.

A wealthy, cosmopolitan, powerful greek-speaking Christian city that controlled trade between the Mediterranean and Black Sea.

Who was William the Conqueror?

A Norman leader who invaded England and became king after the Battle of Hastings in 1066.

What cultural influences did William the Conqueror bring to England?

The French language, feudalism, and stronger connections to the Vatican.

Normandy

Northern Coast of France; people descended from Vikings