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Allele
The different forms of a gene
Dominant Allele
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Recessive Allele
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles for a trait
Genotype
An organisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations
Phenotype
The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genotype
Gregor Mendel
The father of genetics - Experimented with pea plants
Monohybrid cross
a genetic cross that involves one pair of contrasting alleles for a trait
Dihybrid cross
a genetic cross in which two characteristics are tracked
asexual reproduction
produces offspring that are identical to the parent
sexual reproduction
produces offspring that are different from the parents
chromosome
unit that packages DNA inside of cells
homologous chromosomes
pair of matched chromosomes. One comes from mother and the other from father
diploid
a cell with homologous chromosomes. Symbolized as 2n.
haploid
a cell with one copy of each chromosome. Symbolized as n
meiosis
cell division that produces sperm and egg cells
meiosis
cell division that produces four haploid cells
crossing over
exchange of DNA that occurs in tetrads during Prophase I
zygote
a fertilized egg
Note 
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