Meiosis & Mendel - 102G

Allele

The different forms of a gene

Dominant Allele

An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

Recessive Allele

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a trait

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a trait

Genotype

An organisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations

Phenotype

The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genotype

Gregor Mendel

The father of genetics - Experimented with pea plants

Monohybrid cross

a genetic cross that involves one pair of contrasting alleles for a trait

Dihybrid cross

a genetic cross in which two characteristics are tracked

asexual reproduction

produces offspring that are identical to the parent

sexual reproduction

produces offspring that are different from the parents

chromosome

unit that packages DNA inside of cells

homologous chromosomes

pair of matched chromosomes. One comes from mother and the other from father

diploid

a cell with homologous chromosomes. Symbolized as 2n.

haploid

a cell with one copy of each chromosome. Symbolized as n

meiosis

cell division that produces sperm and egg cells

meiosis

cell division that produces four haploid cells

crossing over

exchange of DNA that occurs in tetrads during Prophase I

zygote

a fertilized egg