kin 1060 anatomy final exam

the coxal bone consists of

the coxal bone consists of

ilium, ischium, and pubis

why the fibula is thin

non weight bearing

crest of the hip bone that can be palpated

anterior superior iliac spine

ischial tuberosity

thick because we sit on it and hamstring muscles attatch to it

pubis symphysis breakage

car accidents and child birth

acetabular fossa

ligament attachment for more stability in hip joint

male angle of inclination

greater angle of femur neck to body

female angle of inclination

greater angle from hip to knee

superficial hip joint ligaments

• iliofemoral ligament

• bumofemoral ligament

• ishiofemoral ligament

deep hip joint ligament

ligament of the head of the femur

fascia latta

fascia on the thigh

crural fascia

fascia on the leg

iliotibial band

thickening of fascia lata from muscle attachments

superficial gluteal muscles

gluteus maximus, tensor fascia latae, gluteaus medius

gluteus maximus

innervated by inferior gluteal n

lateral rotation, hip extension, abduction

tensor fascia lattae

innervated by the superior gluteal n

abduction, flexion, medial rotation

gluteus medius

innervated by the superior gluteal n

anterior fibers- medial rotation, flexion

posterior fibers- lat rotation, extension

deep gluteal muscles

gluteus minimus

gluteus minimus

innervated by the superior gluteal n

greatest contributor to medial rotation

lateral hip rotators

piriformis

obturator internus

obturator externus

quadratis femoris

gemellus superior

gemellus inferior

piriformis

innervated by sacral plexus

abducts, lat rotation, extension

obturator internus

innervated by sacral plexus

lateral rotation

quadratis femoris

innervated by sacral plexus

lat rotation and adduction

gemellus superior and inferior

innervated by sacral plexus

lat rotation

obturator exernus

innervated by obturator n

lat rotation

muscle innervations of femoral n

hip flexors and knee extendors

muscle innervation by obturator n

medial thigh, hip adductors and obtirator externus

muscles innervated by the sciatic n

posterior thigh, hip extendors and knee flexors

muscles innervated by the tibial n

posterior leg, knee flexors, plantar flexors, intrinsic foot

muscles innervated by the deep fibular n

anterior leg, dorsiflexors and digit extendors

muscles innervated by the superficial fibular n

lat leg, eversion muscles

muscles innervated by the superior gluteal n

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

muscles innervated by the inferior gluteal n

gluteal maximus

muscles in the posterior thigh

bicep femoris

semitendinosus

semimembranosus

bicep femoris

innervated by the sciatic n

long head does knee flexion and hip extension, short head only does knee extension (doesnt cross hip)

semitendinosus and semimembranosus

innervated by the sciatic n

hip extensiona dn knee flexion

muscles in the anterior thigh

vatus lateralis, vatus intermedialis, vatus medialis, sartorius, iliopsoas, rectus femoris

knee extendors (quad group)

rectus femoris, vatus lateralis, vatus intermedialis, vatus medialis

only knee extendor that also contributes to hip flexion

rectus femoris

sartorius

innervated by the femoral n

hip flexion, lateral rotation, knee flexion

longest muscle

iliopsoas

innervated by the femoral n

hip flexion and lateral rotation

medial thigh muscles

pectineous, adductor longus brevis and magnus, gracilis

pectineous

innervated by femoral n

hip adduction, lat rotation, hip flexion

adductor longus and brevis

innervated by the obstructor n

hip adduction, lat rotation, flexion

adductor magnus

innervated by the obturator n

hip adduction and extension

gracilis

innervated by the obturator n

hip adduction and knee flexion

femoral triangle lateral border

sartorism

femoral triangle medial border

adductor longus

femoral triangle superior border

inguinal lig

femoral triangle floor

iliopsoas and pectineous

femoral triangle houses

femoral vein, artery, then nerve

adductor canal contains

femoral artery and vein

adductor hiatus

femoral artery becomes popliteal artery and popliteal vein becomes femoral artery

patella function

modifies force production by extending the length of the movement arm to act like a pulley to give muscles a mechanical advantage

lateral collateral ligament

resists adduction at the knee (force from the medial side)

medial collateral ligament

resist abduction at the knee (force from the lateral side)

anterolateral ligament

new thickening of the joint capsule

posterior cruciate ligament

posterior of tibia to medial of femur

posterior cruciate ligament injurie

anterior force onto femur or posterior force of tibia, hyperextension

anterior cruciate ligament injury

anterior force to tibia or posterior force to femus

anterior cruciate ligament

anterior tibia to lateral femur

menisci function

balances and cushions the knee joint, absrbs pressure, facillitates movement (moves backwards during flexion)

unhappy triad

ACL, MCL, medial menisci tear

popliteal fossa superior and medial borders

semimembranosus

popliteal fossa lateral border

biceps femoris

popliteal fossa anterior border

popliteal surface of femur and popliteusm

within the popliteal fossa

plantaris muscle

screw home mechanism

locks when standing for stability and pressure on muscle efficiency

knee locking mechanism

popliteus muscle rotates the femur laterally on the tibia to unlock the knee and medially to lock it

veins at popliteal fossa

small saphenous vein turns into the popliteal v

nerves at popliteal fossa

the sciatic nerve splits into the tibial and common fibular n

common fibular n wraps around the head of fibula and splits into superficial and deep fibular nerves

arteries at popliteal fossa

the popliteal artery is beside the popliteal vein

tibia weight bearing risks

risk of lateral force induced breakage, stress breakage, medial tibial stress syndrom, compartment syndrome

stress breakage in fatigued bones symptoms

precise pain and weight barrying pain

medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints)

inflammation of muscles cause micro tears in bone and causes medial tibial pain

compartment syndrome

inflamation of muscles compress neurovasculature, anterolateral tibial pain, posterior compartment pain

application of the fibula

can be used in plastic surgery for replacing other damaged bones

proximal tibiofibular joint type

synovial

distal tibiofibular joint type

syndesmosis

talus

articulates with the tibia and fibula for ankle

calcaneus

the heal

cuboid

lateral and infront of the calcaneus

navicular

medially in front of talus

cuneiforms

medial, middle and lateral in front of navicular

anterior leg muscles

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorium, fibularis tertius, extensor hallicus

tibialis anterior

innervated by the deep fibular nerve, dorsi flexion and inversion at ankle

extensor digitorum

innervated by deep fibular n, dorsiflexion and extends digits 2-5

fibularis tertius

innervated by deep fibular n, dorsiflexion and eversion (inserted to lateral metacarpals)

extensor hallicus

innervated by the deep fibular n, dorsiflexion and extension of big toe

muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg

fibularis brevis and fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

innervated by the superficial fibular n, plantarflexion and eversion

fibularis longus

innervated by the superficial fibular n, plantar flexion and eversion, long because also connects to tarsals

muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

gastrocnemius

innervated by the tibial n, contributes to knee flexion and plantar flexion

soleus

innervated by tibial n, plantarflexion especially with bent knee

triceps surae

gastrocnemius and soleus together

plantaris

tibial n, proprioceptions muscle and sometimes harvested for ligament repairs

muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg

flexor digitorium longus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallicus longus

tarsal tunnel contains

deep posterior compartment muscles, tibial a v and n

flexor digitorium longus

innervated by the tibial n, plantar flexion, inversion, and digit flexion 2-5