Biology Notes (Part 13) Photosynthesis, Photosystems, and the Calvin Cycle

Photosynthesis

________ is the conversion of light to chemical energy and consists of two reactions: light reactions and carbon- fixation reactions. The formula for photosynthesis is CO2 +12H20 light→ C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H20.

RUBP

________ (ribulose- 1, 5- biphosphate) is the starting and ending compound of the cycle.

Carbon fixation reactions

________ (Calvin Cycle) describe how ATP and NADPH used to synthesize carbohydrates.

ATP

________ is an energy source.

reduction phase

In the ________, 3PG is reduced by NADPH with energy from the breakdown of ATP.

Pigments

________ are light- absorbing molecules.

NADPH

________ are electron carriers and light absorbers.

Wavelengths

________ that are not absorbed are reflected /transmitted.

Autotrophs

________ make their own food and heterotrophs take food from outside sources.

photosystem II

In ________, water molecules are split to produce oxygen (O2)

carbon fixation stage

The ________ is catalyzed by carboxylase (rubisco)

G3P

________ is the starting molecule for many plant cell metabolic pathways.

Light reactions

________ are composed of photosystems (groupings of proteins and pigment molecules)

Calvin cycle

The ________ uses ATP and NADPH to synthesize carbohydrates, is also a cyclical pathway, and occurs in three stages: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration.

RUBP

________ is regenerated using 5 molecules of G3P.

pigment

Each ________ has a specific absorption spectrum.

carbon fixation stage

In the ________, CO2 (a gas) is converted to a solid form (a carbohydrate)

Pigments

________ found in land plants are Chlorophyll A and Chlorophyll B.

Photosynthesis consists of two reactions

light reactions and carbon-fixation reactions

The Calvin Cycle occurs in three stages

carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration

photosystem I

In __________, NADPH is produced.

regeneration cycle

In the ___________, there are three turns of the Calvin Cycle which generate six molecules of G3P.