Liberalism key thinkers

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38 Terms

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classical liberal key thinkers

Locke

Wollstonecraft

JS Mill

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Modern liberal thinkers

Freidan

Rawls

TH Green

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father of liberalism

Locke

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Locke famous book

Two treatises of government, considered cornerstone of liberal thought

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who developed idea of state of nature

locke, his was different to the one developed by Hobbes

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who came up with idea of government by consent

locke

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who is associated with idea of limited government

locke

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Locke on human nature

human beings are rational and guided by the pursuit of self interest but still mindful of others

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locke on the state

representative, based on the consent of those governed and limited

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locke on society

predates the state, there were natural societies with natural laws and natural rights

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locke on the economy

should be based on respect for natural right to property and mediate effectively between individuals competing for trade and resources

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Wollstonecraft on human nature

rationalism defines both genders

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Wollstonecraft on the state

monarchical state should be replaced by a republic which enshrines women’s rights

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Wollstonecraft on society

existing society infantilises women and thus stifles their individualism

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Wollstonecraft on the economy

a free market economy would be energised by the enterprise of liberated women

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Wollstonecraft on government by consent

women not being able to vote was a blatant violation of Locke’s principle of government by consent

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Wollstonecraft and French revolution

applauded their emphasis on citizens and apparent indifferences to gender difference

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JS Mill on human nature

mankind is selfish yet empathetic so they value their individual liberty but also the plight of others

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JS Mill on the state

state should proceed cautiously towards representative democracy as it may erode minority rights

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JS Mill on society

the best society is one where individuality co exists with tolerance and self betterment

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JS Mill on the economy

Laissez faire capitalism is vital to progress and individualism

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JS Mill book

‘on liberty’ which set out principle we now call negative liberty

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who came up with harm principle

JS Mill

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Self regarding and other regarding actions

JS Mill’s way of clarifying tolerance

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self regarding actions

like religious worship or the expression of personal views which do not harm others

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other regarding actions

like violent behaviour which clearly harmed the freedom of others, should be forbidden by liberal state

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TH Green on human nature

human beings are guided mainly by reason but their reason is increasingly affected by economic and social circumstances

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TH Green on the state

state should actively eliminate social and economic obstacles to individual liberty

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TH Green on society

society was fundamentally changed by industrialisation which in turn has caused a need for a reappraisal of the meaning of freedom

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TH Green on the economy

a free market economy is the most conducive to individualism, but it can threaten equality of opportunity

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Friedan on human nature

human nature has evolved in a way that discourages self advancement amongst women

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Friedan on the state

state should legislate to prevent continued discrimination against women

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Friedan on society

society remains chauvinistic towards women but women are complicit in their repression

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Friedan on the economy

free market capitalism should be an ally of female emancipation if allied to legislation banning gender discrimination

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who came up with developmental individualism

JS Mill

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Who developed idea of negative liberty

TH Green

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Who is linked with idea of enabling state

John Rawls

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what idea on equality did rawls develop

extended foundational equality to also mean greater social and economic equality