History of Jazz Exam 3

Where did Bebop get its name from?

Abrupt two note ending of a melodic line

Bebop is differnt from swing because

It was preformed by small combos

Compared to swing, bebop was

a self-conscious art music

To weed out inexperienced improvisers, jam sessions would often

preform fast, play in an unexpected key, modulate up a half step each chorus

"Minton’s Playhouse" is

a Harlem jazz session spot where bebop was founded

Drummer Kenny Clarke shifted the pulse from the bass drum to the

ride cymbal

Kenny Clarke derived his nickname, "Klook," from

his combine snar and bass drum hits

In the shift from swing to bebop, what instrument was dropped from the rhythm section

acoustic guitar

Bebop was known for the "flatted fifth," which was

a harmonic dissonance

Which Kansas City-born jazz saxophonist is known as a pioneer of bebop?

Charile Parker

The musical innovations of bebop grew out of

Jam sessions

Among the drummers crucial to the bebop style were

Kenny Clarke and Max Roach

This talented trumpet player was also the intellectual force behind bebop

Dizzy Gillespie

Charlie Parker was crucial for linking the modernist complexity of bebop with

the blues

Bebop soloists were inspired by the fluid, discontinuous phrasing of

Lester Young and Charlie Christian

Among the pioneers of bebop was this jazz pianist, who applied the virtuosic style of Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie to the piano

Buddy Powell

The first true bebop records date from

1945

The bebop style first appeared in public

in clubs on New York’s 52nd Street.

Dizzy Gillespie became famous for

his beret, goatee, and unusually shaped trumpet, a witty, genial stage persona, his bebop-styled big bands.

Who of the following was not part of the bebop generation?

Teddy Wilson

The term, “Dropping Bombs” came from who?

Kenny Clarke

Modern jazz became popular on Central Avenue, the African American neighborhood in

LA

_____, a flamboyant bebop saxophonist from Los Angeles, was inspired by Lester Young.

Dexter Gordon

"Jazz at the Philharmonic" was

an interracial jam session in concert form.

The quintessential bebop piano texture developed by Bud Powell featured

chords in the left hand, and blindingly fast and intricate improvisations in the right hand.

Cool jazz derived its fondness for restrained timbre and light vibrato from

Bix Beiderbecke and Lester Young

Among the pioneers of cool jazz are the following pianist/composers

Lennie Tristano and Tadd Dameron

This musician was a bebop soloist who became a leader of cool jazz

Miles Davis

The _______ is commonly known as "The Birth of the Cool" band.

Miles Davis Nonet

Cool jazz artists were inclined to

deemphasize improvisation in favor of composition and use orchestral instruments such as the tuba and French horn

Gil Evans was

cool jazz arranger and orchestrator.

John Lewis left the Miles Davis Nonet and formed his own jazz ensemble, called

the Modern Jazz Quartet

his baritone saxophonist became famous for leading a "piano-less" quartet in 1952

Gerry Mulligan

he Modern Jazz Quartet is known for

combining jazz with the Baroque style of J. S. Back and performing in concert halls wearing tuxedos

Among the members of the Modern Jazz Quartet were

John Lewis and Milt Jackson

Third Stream music proposed to mix jazz with

classical music

he term "Third Stream" was coined by the conductor and musicologist

Gunther Schuller

This band, the most popular jazz group of the 1950s, was known for its use of unusual meters

Dave Brubeck Quartet

Cool jazz was also known as

West Coast jazz

Hard bop tended to feature longer solos, in part because of

the invention of the LP (long-playing record)

Hard bop differed from cool jazz in preferring

a direct connection with gospel and rhythm and blues

Art Blakey was

a hard bop drummer and the leader of the Jazz Messengers

A "press-roll" is

an intense rumbling on the snare drum.

In African American slang, the term "funky" originally applied to

a strong, foul odor

The career of this highly influential hard bop trumpet player lasted only four years, before he died in an automobile accident:

Clifford Brown

Sonny Rollins plays the

tenor saxophone

This hard bop musician, whose lengthy career was occasionally interrupted by brief sabbaticals devoted to practicing, recorded Saxophone Colossus in 1959

Sonny Rollins

Sonny Rollins was influential in his use of

cadenzas

Following the lead of Charlie Christian, Wes Montgomery played the

electric guitar

Among the techniques that Wes Montgomery developed was(were)

laying solo lines with his thumb and the use of octaves

With whose big band did Ella Fitzgerald sing at the beginning of her career?

Chick Webb

Mechanical royalties from sales of a record are divided among all of the following, except

the instrumentalist or vocalist improvising on the recording

After Duke Ellington, who of the following is the most performed of all jazz composers?

Thelonious Monk

The jazz composer Thelonious Monk wrote about ___ pieces.

70

Thelonious Monk’s professional career began in

the rhythm section at Minton’s Playhouse.

Monk’s approach to improvisation is striking in its use of

harmonic dissonance

While his 1957 recordings with John Coltrane are deservedly famous, Monk’s longest and most consistent musical partnership was with this tenor saxophonist

Charlie Rouse

Billy Strayhorn was

Duke Ellington’s co-composer and author of "Take the ‘A’ Train."

Duke Ellington’s …and his mother called him Bill, featuring "Blood Count" and "Lotus Blossom," was a tribute album to

Billy Strayhorn.

Charles Mingus was a virtuoso on the

Bass

Although Mingus made his reputation in New York City, he was raised and trained in

LA

Mingus’s "Fables of Faubus" was a protest sparked by

the integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Mingus consistently drew inspiration from the following Swing Era bandleader and composer

Duke Ellington.

Mingus’s small ensemble, a loosely organized group of musicians willing to perform his work, was known as the

Jazz Workshop

Although this musician was not a composer, he was someone who "elevated arranging virtually to the point of composition

Gil Evans

George Russell’s explorations of jazz theory helped pave the way for this jazz technique

modal jazz

Which composer was among the first to pay tribute in his music to great jazz musicians of the past, such as Lester Young and Jelly Roll MortonCharles Mingus

Charles Mingus

One of the earliest, and best known, of Thelonious Monk’s compositions is

"’Round Midnight."

In addition to his compositions, Thelonious Monk was known as a ______ soloist.

piano

Gil Evans is known for his use of ______ form, which features an individual soloist.

concerto

From the 1950s to the 1970s, Gil Evans had a long working relationship with the following musician:

Miles Davis

George Russell wrote a book on music theory titled

Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization

George Russell wrote "Concerto for Billy the Kid" to highlight the following soloist

Bill Evans

Thelonious Monk’s compositions rarely departed from which of the following form(s)

blues and A A B A

Which composer wrote a piece entitled "Gunslinging Bird," which had the following subtitle: "If Charlie Parker Were a Gunslinger, There’d Be a Whole Lot of Dead Copycats"?

Charles Mingus

Among Miles Davis’s nicknames was

the Sorcerer

Miles Davis’s most famous album was the culmination of his experiments with modal jazz:

Kind of Blue

Miles Davis played a major role in establishing which jazz styles?

cool, hard bop, and fusion

Modal jazz is characterized by

improvising with scales over very few chords.

his pianist on Miles Davis’s recording of "So What" helped to establish the tune’s modal flavor:

Bill Evans

Miles Davis’s 1954 recordings with Horace Silver and Kenny Clarke helped to establish

hard bop.

Miles Davis was fond of altering his timbre with

a Harmon mute.

The rhythm section of Miles Davis’s 1950s quintet included

Philly Joe Jones and Paul Chambers.

The best-selling jazz recording of the LP era was:

Kind of Blue.