Product Design

Cartridge Paper

A thick, textured paper often used for drawing and painting. It provides a good surface for various media, including pencils, ink, and watercolor.

Photocopy Paper

Smooth, lightweight paper designed for use in printers and copiers. It ensures clear and crisp text and images.

Bleed Proof Paper

Specially treated paper that prevents ink from spreading or bleeding through, ideal for markers and technical drawings.

Mounting Board

A thick, rigid board used for mounting photographs, artwork, and presentations. It provides a stable, flat surface.

Foam Board

Lightweight, rigid board with a foam core, used for mounting, display, and architectural models. It is easy to cut and shape.

Solid White Board

Smooth, stiff board used for packaging and crafts. It offers a high-quality surface for printing.

Corrugated Board

Composed of fluted paper sandwiched between two flat paper layers, used for packaging and shipping due to its strength and durability.

Duplex Board

A double-layered board with a smooth, coated surface on one side, commonly used for packaging and boxes.

Lamination

Applying a plastic film to the paper or board to protect it from moisture, stains, and wear.

Varnishing

Coating with a clear or colored varnish to enhance appearance and protect the surface.

Embossing/Debossing

Creating raised or recessed designs on the surface for a tactile and visual effect.

Beech

A hardwood with a fine, tight grain, pale color, and smooth texture. It is durable and used for furniture, flooring, and tools.

Oak

A strong, durable hardwood with a prominent grain and rich color. Used for furniture, flooring, and construction.

Balsa

A very lightweight, soft wood used in model making and crafts. It is easy to cut and shape.

Jelutong

A soft, fine-grained wood used for carving, model making, and pattern making. It has a pale color and smooth texture.

Scots Pine

A strong softwood with a straight grain and light color, used in construction, furniture, and paneling.

Western Red Cedar

A durable, aromatic softwood with a reddish color, used for outdoor applications like decking, siding, and fencing.

Parana Pine

A softwood with a fine, straight grain and pale yellow color, used for joinery, flooring, and furniture.

Mild Steel

Contains low carbon content, making it malleable and easy to work with. Used in construction, automotive, and general manufacturing.

Medium Carbon Steel

Contains higher carbon content, making it stronger but less ductile. Used for making tools, axles, and structural components.

High Carbon Steel

Contains the highest carbon content, making it very hard and wear-resistant. Used for cutting tools, springs, and high-strength wires.

Aluminum

A lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal with a silvery appearance. Used in aircraft, automotive, and packaging industries.

Copper

A reddish-brown metal with high electrical and thermal conductivity. Used in electrical wiring, plumbing, and decorative arts.

Brass

An alloy of copper and zinc with a yellow-gold color. Used in musical instruments, decorative items, and fittings.

Galvanizing

Applying a protective zinc coating to ferrous metals to prevent rusting.

Powder Coating

Spraying a dry powder that is then cured under heat to form a protective and decorative layer.

Anodizing

An electrochemical process that thickens the natural oxide layer on aluminum, enhancing corrosion resistance and allowing for dyeing.

Electroplating

Applying a metal coating (e.g., chrome, nickel) to enhance appearance and protect the base metal.

Acrylic

A transparent plastic with high optical clarity, used in signs, displays, and lighting. It is lightweight and resistant to impact.

Polythene (Polyethylene)

A versatile plastic used in packaging, containers, and piping. It is flexible, durable, and resistant to moisture.

Polypropylene

A tough, heat-resistant plastic used in automotive parts, packaging, and textiles. It is lightweight and chemically resistant.

Polycarbonate

A strong, impact-resistant plastic used in eyewear lenses, CDs, and safety equipment. It has high transparency.

Styrofoam

A brand name for expanded polystyrene, used for insulation, packaging, and crafts. It is lightweight and has good thermal properties.

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

A strong, tough plastic used in automotive parts, toys (e.g., LEGO bricks), and electronic housings.

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

A versatile plastic used in pipes, cable insulation, and vinyl flooring. It is durable and resistant to chemicals.

Nylon

A strong, abrasion-resistant plastic used in textiles, gears, and bearings. It has high tensile strength and elasticity.

Urea Formaldehyde

A hard, brittle thermosetting plastic used in adhesives, finishes, and molded objects. It has high strength and heat resistance.

Melamine

A hard, durable thermosetting plastic used in kitchenware, laminates, and countertops. It is heat-resistant and easy to clean.

Epoxy Resins

Used in adhesives, coatings, and composite materials. They are known for their strong bonding and chemical resistance.

Quantum Tunnelling Composite (QTC)

is a composite material that exhibits unique electrical properties. It consists of metal particles embedded in an insulating polymer matrix.

Annealing

Heating metal and then cooling it slowly to remove internal stresses and soften the metal for improved ductility.

Normalizing

Heating steel to a high temperature and then air cooling to refine the grain structure and improve toughness.

Hardening

Heating steel and then quenching it in water or oil to increase hardness.

Tempering

Reheating hardened steel to a lower temperature to reduce brittleness while maintaining hardness.

Case Hardening

Hardening the surface of low carbon steel by infusing elements into the surface layer, making it wear-resistant while retaining a tough core.

Hardwoods

From deciduous trees (e.g., oak, beech, mahogany). Generally denser, more durable, and harder than softwoods.

Softwoods

From coniferous trees (e.g., pine, cedar, spruce). Usually lighter and less dense than hardwoods.

Wood Pulp

The primary source for paper and board production. Derived from trees, particularly softwoods like spruce, pine, and fir, and hardwoods like eucalyptus and birch.

Non-Wood Fibers

Alternatives include agricultural residues (e.g., straw, bagasse), and fiber crops like cotton, hemp, and flax.

Recycled Paper

Made from post-consumer waste paper, reducing the need for virgin fiber and lowering environmental impact.