PHARMA SUMMARY

tidine

What is the common suffix for H2 Receptor Antagonists?

Reversible H2 competition on parietal cells

What is the mechanism of action of H2 Receptor Antagonists?

Stress ulcers, GERD, and erosive esophagitis

What are the primary indications for H2 Receptor Antagonists?

Parietal cells

What is the specific location of action for H2 Receptor Antagonists?

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

What are the contraindications for H2 Receptor Antagonists?

Chronic hypergastrinemia, diarrhea, and drowsiness

What are the reported side effects of H2 Receptor Antagonists?

Cimetidine

Which H2 Receptor Antagonist is a CYP450 inhibitor and causes gynecomastia?

prazole

What is the common suffix for Proton Pump Inhibitors?

Irreversible inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase pump

What is the mechanism of action of PPIs?

First line for GERD, PUD, H. pylori, and Zollinger-Ellison

What are the indications for PPIs?

Parietal cells

Where do PPIs act?

Caution with warfarin and phenytoin

What are the reported contraindications or cautions for PPIs?

Hip fractures, B12 deficiency, and hypergastrinemia

What are the side effects of PPIs?

Prodrug

What type of drug is a PPI, requiring activation in an acidic environment?

30 to 60 minutes before meals

What is the recommended timing for taking PPIs?

Salts

What chemical form do antacids typically take?

Neutralize existing gastric acid

What is the mechanism of action of antacids?

Rapid relief for dyspepsia and gastritis

What are the indications for antacids?

Gastric lumen

What is the location of action for antacids?

Renal, cardiac, or hepatic disease depending on salt content

What are the contraindications for antacids?

Acid rebound

What is a general side effect associated with antacid use?

Diarrhea

What side effect is specifically caused by Mg(OH)2?

Constipation

What side effect is specifically caused by Al(OH)3?

Chelation and decreased absorption of Tetracyclines

What drug-drug interaction is associated with antacids?

Mucosal Protector

What is the drug class for Sucralfate?

Forms gel or paste, inhibits pepsin, and increases PGs and EGFs

What is the mechanism of action of Sucralfate?

Mucosal ulcers resistant to acid suppression

What is the indication for Sucralfate?

Gastric and duodenal mucosa

Where does Sucralfate act?

Renal failure due to aluminum overload

What is the contraindication for Sucralfate?

Constipation and bezoar formation

What are the side effects of Sucralfate?

Acidic environment

What environment does Sucralfate require to function?

Avoid antacids within 30 minutes

What is the administration buzzword for Sucralfate?

PGE1 Analog

What is the drug class of Misoprostol?

PGE1 agonist that increases mucus and HCO3

What is the mechanism of action of Misoprostol?

Prevention of NSAID-induced mucosal injury

What is the primary indication for Misoprostol?

Gastric mucosa

Where is the location of action for Misoprostol?

Pregnancy and IBD

What are the contraindications for Misoprostol?

Induces labor

Why is Misoprostol contraindicated in pregnancy?

Diarrhea and cramps

What are the side effects of Misoprostol?

First choice for NSAID-related GI protection

What is the status/buzzword for Misoprostol?

prazan

What is the suffix for Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers?

Reversible K+ ion competition to block H+/K+ ATPase

What is the mechanism of action of PCABs?

PUD and GERD

What are the indications for PCABs?

Parietal cell pump

Where is the location of action for PCABs?

Generally well-tolerated

What is the side effect profile of PCABs?

More potent than PPIs, acid-stable, and acts immediately

What are the three buzzwords for PCABs?

Anti-ulcer

What is the class of Carbenoxolone?

Increases mucosal barrier

What is the mechanism of action of Carbenoxolone?

PUD

What is the indication for Carbenoxolone?

Gastric mucosa

Where does Carbenoxolone act?

HF, HTN, and Renal disease

What are the contraindications for Carbenoxolone?

Sodium retention, hypertension, and hypokalemia

What are the side effects of Carbenoxolone?

Mineralocorticoid-like effects

What buzzword describes the side effects of Carbenoxolone?

Antimotility

What is the class of Loperamide?

Peripheral mu-opioid agonist that decreases transit

What is the mechanism of action of Loperamide?

Acute non-bloody diarrhea

What is the indication for Loperamide?

Intestinal tract

Where does Loperamide act?

Fever and bloody stools

What are the contraindications for Loperamide?

Toxic megacolon

What is a severe side effect of Loperamide if used in bloody diarrhea?

Best for acute non-bloody diarrhea

What is the clinical buzzword for Loperamide?

Antisecretory

What is the class of Racecadotril?

Enkephalinase inhibitor that decreases secretion

What is the mechanism of action of Racecadotril?

Acute diarrhea

What is the indication for Racecadotril?

Intestinal lumen

Where is the location of action for Racecadotril?

Generally well-tolerated

What is the side effect profile for Racecadotril?

Decreases output without affecting motility

What is the buzzword for Racecadotril?

Mineral

What is the class of Zinc?

Blocks K+ channels to decrease Cl- secretion

What is the mechanism of action of Zinc in diarrhea?

Adjunct for acute diarrhea in children

What is the indication for Zinc?

Intestinal epithelium

Where does Zinc act in the gut?

High-dose greater than 50mg per week

What Zinc dosage inhibits copper?

Nausea and vomiting

What are the side effects of Zinc?

Reduces duration and recurrence of diarrhea

What are the benefits of Zinc as an adjunct?

Non-Selective Beta Blockers

What is the drug class for Propranolol and Nadolol?

Beta-1 decreases CO and Beta-2 causes splanchnic vasoconstriction

What is the mechanism of action for Propranolol in cirrhosis?

Primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding

What is the indication for Propranolol in liver disease?

Splanchnic vasculature

Where is the location of action for Propranolol in portal hypertension?

Asthma and COPD

What are the contraindications for Non-Selective Beta Blockers?

Bradycardia, cold hands, and fatigue

What are the side effects of Propranolol?

Decrease portal pressure

What is the functional goal of Beta Blockers in cirrhosis?

Somatostatin Analog

What is the class of Octreotide?

Inhibits glucagon or gut peptides and causes splanchnic vasoconstriction

What is the mechanism of action of Octreotide?

Acute variceal bleeding and Acromegaly

What are the indications for Octreotide?

Splanchnic bed

Where is the location of action for Octreotide?

Gallstones, steatorrhea, and GI upset

What are the side effects of Octreotide?

First line for acute bleeding management

What is the buzzword for Octreotide in variceal hemorrhage?

Antidiuretic

What is the drug class of Vasopressin?

Potent arterial vasoconstrictor

What is the mechanism of action of Vasopressin in bleeding?

Acute variceal bleeding

What is the indication for Vasopressin?

Vasculature

Where does Vasopressin act?

Hypovolemic hyponatremia

What is the contraindication for Vasopressin?

Hyponatremia, abdominal cramps, and pulmonary edema

What are the side effects of Vasopressin?

Emergency settings

The use of Vasopressin is limited to what settings?

Bile Acid

What is the class of Ursodeoxycholic acid?

Decreases bile cholesterol and stabilizes membranes

What is the mechanism of action of UDCA?

Primary biliary cirrhosis and radiolucent stones

What are the indications for UDCA?

Hepatocytes

Where is the location of action for UDCA?

Bile salt-induced diarrhea

What is the side effect of UDCA?

Functioning gall bladder

What anatomical requirement is needed for UDCA to dissolve stones?

Slow dissolution

What phrase describes the speed of UDCA's effect on stones?