Ottoman Empire

What allowed the Ottomans to rise?

The collapse of the Seljuk Turkic kingdom and eventually, the Ottomans winning the warfare between possible successors.

Where was the Ottoman empire built?

Eastern Mediterranean

Who were the Ottomans rivals shortly after their rise?

Abbasid Imperium

What was the Ottoman Empire based off of?

Muslim Institutions (such as in warfare, architecture, and engineering)

What city did Mehmed II conquest?

Constantinople (it was known to have great defense, but they were wise and struck all defensive gaps).

What lands did the Ottomans conquer after Constantinople?

Arab, Balkans, and parts of Europe and Asia.

What sorts of accomplishments did the Ottoman navy have?

Captured islands, challenged rivals, reached Vienna, became influential in Europe.

What other things did Ottomans accomplish in the Eastern Mediterranean?

They drove out Venetians and Genoese and invaded S. Italy.

Ottoman success can be attributed to their:

Military leaders

How was cavalry used for the ottomans?

Hint: It was developed into….

Warrior aristocracy, controlled land and resources, competed with bureaucracy.

What were Janissaries?

Young christian boys, recruited and converted to Islam, specially trained, controlled artillery, very important.

Who was commerce in the hands of?

Muslim traders, along with Christian and Jewish merchants (people of the book).

What were Ottoman sultans comparable to?

Abbasid caliphs

What happened as a result of the Ottoman empire increasing in wealth and size, specifically to do with the sultans?

They distanced themselves from their subjects.

What could’ve (and did) happen as a result of the death of a sultan?

Warfare between sons/successors

What was Constantinople and what were some key points related to it?

Hint: Churches, what happened to it before conquest

Ottoman capital, combined extensive territories, fell many times before Ottoman conquest, built Cathedral of Saint Sophia (Hagia Sophia) and they used architectural elements from Byzantine times.

What were aqueducts?

Architecture advancement that supplied people with water, provided some city defenses.

What are some things that Suleyman the Magnificent built?

Mansions, rest houses, religious schools, hospitals, gardens.

Where exactly was Constantinople relative to bodies of water and nearby continents?

It’s suburbs stretched along either side of the Bosphorus river, located between Mediterranean and Black Sea, separating Europe and Asia.

What was the Golden Horn?

Triangular bay that formed the northern boundary of the city crowded with merchant ships.

What were Constantinoples great bazaars?

merchants and travelers from around the empire along with europe and malaya, spices from east indies, ivory from africa, slaves and forestry from russia, carpets from persia.

What were coffee houses used for?

men gathered to drink, smoke tobacco, gossip, do business, pivoted social life and cultural effects.

What were the roles of government inspectors?

Regulated handcrafting and apprentice entry, standardized weight and measurement, monitored quality of goods.

What were the roles of Guild Officers?

organized artisans into groups, set craft standards, arbitrated disputes, provided financial assistance.

What did the Ottomans leave behind?

Good legacy, especially in ceramics, miniature painting, poetry, carpet making, and architecture.

Reasons for Ottoman decline:

land was lost, too much empire to handle/reached limit of expansive power, bad admin system which held empire together, incompetent state bureaucrats, too much peasant work, abandoned cultivated land, social dislocation, avoided advancements.

Weak rulers towards the decline of the Ottoman were caused by the fact that possible successors were….

imprisoned, making them less prepared to rule

Portuguese bringing spices around Europe and Africa enriched…

Ottoman Christian Rivals