AP bio-functional groups

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7 Terms

1
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Hydroxyl

-OH
Polar
Neutral
Found in: Sugars, Alchols
Function: increases water solubility, enables hydrogen bonding

2
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Methyl

-CH3
Nonpolar
Neutral
Found in: DNA, lipids
Function: hydrophobic

3
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Carbonyl

C=O
Polar
Neutral
Found in: Sugars
Function: Adds polarity

4
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Carboxyl

-COOH
Acidic
Acid (can donate H+)
Found in: Amino Acids, fatty acids

5
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Amino

-NH2
Basic
Base (can accept H+)
Found in: Amino Acids, proteins
Function: Acts as a base, accepts H⁺

6
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Phosphate

-PO42-
Acidic

Acid
Found in: ATP, DNA/RNA, phospholipids
Function: Energy transfer, negative charge, signaling

7
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Sulfhydryl

-SH
Polar
Neutral
Found in: Proteins
Function: disulfide bonds → stabilizes protein structure