AP bio-functional groups
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Last updated 8:40 AM on 8/5/25
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7 Terms
1
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Hydroxyl
-OH
Polar
Neutral
Found in: Sugars, Alchols
Function: increases water solubility, enables hydrogen bonding
2
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Methyl
-CH3
Nonpolar
Neutral
Found in: DNA, lipids
Function: hydrophobic
3
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Carbonyl
C=O
Polar
Neutral
Found in: Sugars
Function: Adds polarity
4
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Carboxyl
-COOH
Acidic
Acid (can donate H+)
Found in: Amino Acids, fatty acids
5
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Amino
-NH2
Basic
Base (can accept H+)
Found in: Amino Acids, proteins
Function: Acts as a base, accepts H⁺
6
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Phosphate
-PO42-
Acidic
Acid
Found in: ATP, DNA/RNA, phospholipids
Function: Energy transfer, negative charge, signaling
7
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Sulfhydryl
-SH
Polar
Neutral
Found in: Proteins
Function: disulfide bonds → stabilizes protein structure
Note 
Flashcards (44)