World Civ : Unit 4 : Greece + Rome

Based on Study Guide Given

Aristotle

Greek philosopher who made important contributions to many different subjects and opened his own school.

Euclid

Greek mathematician who helped create geometry

Herodotus

Greek writer and geographer credited with being the first historian and he reported on Persian Wars “father of history”

Julius Ceasar

He had extreme military and political success. He assigned himself the position of dictator 4L. He was stabbed in the back by his closest friends in govt power

Octavian Augustus

He transformed Rome from a republic to an expire. Rome’s first emperor who started the Pax Romana

Pericles

Greek politician and general who promoted arts and literature. He started the Parthenon

St. Paul

One of the 12 Apostles and one of the first people to spread the word of Christ

Thucydides

Greatest greek historian of the classical age

12 Tables

A set of laws was inscribed on 12 bronze plaques. This made rights more equal among the plebeians and patricians

Aristocracy

A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility (Used in Greece). Wasn’t based on wealth but on who was most qualified for the job

Aqueduct

These bring water into cities and towns (Roman Tech). They didn’t have to stay near a body of water and could venture out

Dictator

In Ancient Rome, a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time

Direct Democracy

A government in which citizens rule directly rather than through representatives

First Triumvirate

Made up of Crassus, Julius Caesar, and Pompey. Caesar and Pompey fight over military worship but Caesar wins and anoints himself dictator for life

Ides of March

“Beware the Ides of March” The day Julius Caesar was assassinated

Monarchy

A government in which power is in the hands of a single person which rule is based upon wealth

Oligarchy

A government in which power is in the hands of a few people and it is based on wealth

Patrician

Wealthy landowners who help most power (inherited position)

Pax Romana

Roman Peace (27 BCE - 180 CE)

Philosophy in Greece

“Lovers of Wisdom” - great thinkers using logic and reasoning to explain the universe. Most well-known: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Plebeian

Common farmers, artisans, merchants - majority of population

Republic

A form of government in which power is in the hands of the representatives and leaders are elected by citizens who have the right to vote

Second Triumvirate

Made up of Lepidus, Octavian, and Mark Antony. Octavian forced Lepidus to retire and Mark Antony falls in love with Cleopatra and they die together

Slavery in Rome

People who were conquered, captured, or bought would become slaves.

SOAPPSTone

S - Speaker

O - Occasion

A - Audience

P - Purpose

P - Point of View or Perspective

S - Subject

Tone

Comedy

A humorous story with a happy ending that was a little bit crude

Tragedy

A serious story with a sad ending

Tyrant

In Ancient Greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-states’ government by appealing to the poor for support

Education in Athens

Sons of the wealthy had formal education based on good citizenship starting at age 7. Girls had a household education based on running the house and not involved in life outside of the family/home

Education in Sparta

It was based on military training and at age 7 the boys would move to army barracks until age 30, and serve until 60. Girls received some military training, played sports, wrestled, ran, and had some freedom in running the family

Education in Rome

Education was based on Greeks and was mostly done in the home or by private tutors for only boys. Focused on literature, writing, speaking, and philosophy

Citizenship in Athens

Only free adult male property owners born there were citizens. Women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded from this. They had very few rights

Citizenship in Sparta

Men who descended from the original inhabitants of the land and those who could afford education were granted citizenship. Women were excluded from this but had some rights. Large groups of non-citizens were called helots

Citizenship in Rome

Free-born males were full citizens with voting rights. Women and people from conquered areas had limited citizenship and freedmen could gain citizenship

Women in Athens

Women had very few rights here and household education about staying in the house and hiding herself from other men

Women in Sparta

Women could strengthen themselves and work out to keep themselves fit for “stronger babies”. They received some military training and had some freedom in running the house because their husbands were away

Women in Rome

Men did not like women to leave the house without a male escort and they would stereotype women as being extremely “emotional”

Fall of Rome

They had economic, social, military, and political problems as well as too many reforms. They had grown in size so much that they decided to split into two different city-states, which (in my opinion) ultimately led to the fall of Rome

Fall of Greece

The ultimate cause was the Peloponnesian War, but Athens got struck by a plague, killing 1/3 of their population. Sparta also grew weaker so they signed a peace treaty with Athens but the truce only lasted 6 years. Athens ended up surrendering.

Persian Wars

Darius started this war to quiet the rebellious greek city-states. The Greeks’ win stopped the expansion of Persia westward.

Punic Wars

This war started from conflicts rising from Rome's increasing expansion between Rome and Carthage. Rome’s win resulted in the destruction of Carthage, the enslavement of its population, and Roman dominance over the western Mediterranean.

Republic to Empire

There were some economic, social, military, and political problems before Octavian Augustus became the emperor of Rome and established a government where he made all important decisions.