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What was the Wade-Davis Bill?

A proposal for Reconstruction that required a majority of white male citizens in a Confederate state to take an oath of allegiance to the Union.

What was Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan?

A plan that allowed a Southern state to rejoin the Union once 10% of its voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union.

What was Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan?

A lenient plan that aimed to quickly restore the Southern states while offering pardons to many Confederates.

Who were the Redeemers?

A political coalition in the South that aimed to restore white supremacy and reduce the influence of African Americans after Reconstruction.

What was The Force Act of 1870?

A law aimed at enforcing civil rights by prohibiting the use of violence to interfere with a citizen's right to vote.

What did the Ku Klux Klan do?

A white supremacist group that used terror and violence to suppress African American rights and maintain white dominance.

What are the three areas of Reconstruction?

Political, economic, and social transformations in the Southern states after the Civil War.

What does '40 acres and a mule' refer to?

A promise made during Reconstruction to allocate land and a mule to formerly enslaved families, though it was largely unfulfilled.

What is Share Cropping / Tenant Farming?

Agricultural systems where farmers work land owned by others in exchange for a share of the crops produced.

What was the Civil Rights Act?

A law that aimed to eliminate discrimination and protect the civil rights of all citizens.

What was the Tenure of Office Act?

A law intended to limit the president's power to remove certain officeholders without the Senate's approval.

What are the three Reconstruction Amendments?

The 13th (abolition of slavery), 14th (citizenship for all born in the U.S.), and 15th (voting rights regardless of race) amendments.

What was the power and influence of the railroads?

Railroads played a crucial role in the economic development, expansion of markets, and industrial growth in the U.S.

What did the Dawes Severalty Act aim to do?

To assimilate Native Americans into American society by allotting them individual plots of land.

What is Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis?

A theory arguing that the American frontier experience shaped the nation’s democracy and character.

What are Bonanza Industries?

Large-scale agricultural operations that emerged in the West, emphasizing mechanization and mass production.

What does Urbanization and Industrialization in the late 1800s refer to?

The rapid growth of cities and industry in America during this period, driven by migration and technological advancements.

What were Tenement Buildings?

Crowded, poorly maintained apartment buildings that housed many immigrants and the urban poor.

What are Political Machines?

Political organizations that controlled local government through corruption and patronage.

What is Populism?

A political movement that sought to represent the interests of ordinary people, especially farmers.

What was the Silver Issue?

Debate over whether the U.S. should adopt silver as a basis for its currency to stimulate the economy.

What does the term 'American Empire' refer to?

The expansion of U.S. influence and territories, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Who were the Isolationists?

Individuals or groups advocating for a foreign policy of non-involvement in international conflicts.

What was the People’s Party?

A political party formed in the 1890s to advocate for the rights of farmers and the working class.

What was the Teller Amendment?

An amendment to the 1898 declaration of war against Spain, stating that the U.S. would not annex Cuba.

What did the Foraker Act accomplish?

It established civilian government on the island of Puerto Rico after it was acquired by the U.S.

What was the Open Door Policy?

A diplomatic approach intended to ensure equal trading rights for all nations trading with China.

What are Spheres of Influence?

Regions in which a particular country holds significant cultural, economic, or military influence.

What is Social Darwinism?

A theory that applied the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to human societies, justifying inequality.

What is Biogenetic Law?

A discredited biological hypothesis proposing that development recapitulates evolutionary history.

What does Anglo Saxonism refer to?

A belief that English-speaking peoples were superior and destined to dominate the world.

What was the National Woman’s Party?

A group formed to advocate for women's suffrage and equal rights.

What was the Niagara Movement?

A civil rights organization founded in 1905 that called for political and social equality for African Americans.

What is Women’s Suffrage?

The right of women to vote in elections.

What does the Purity Crusade aim to achieve?

A movement focused on moral reform advocating for the prohibition of alcohol and other social issues.

What is Social Justice?

The concept of fair and just relationships between the individual and society.

What was New Freedom?

A progressive economic policy introduced by President Woodrow Wilson focusing on antitrust and reform.

What is New Nationalism?

The progressive political philosophy of Theodore Roosevelt advocating for social justice and regulation.

What is the Brandeis Brief?

A legal brief that presented social science evidence to support arguments in court.

What was the Mann Act?

A law prohibiting the transportation of women across state lines for immoral purposes.

What does the Harlem Renaissance refer to?

A cultural movement in the 1920s that celebrated African American culture through art, music, and literature.

What was the Niagara Convention?

A meeting of African American leaders in 1905 advocating for civil rights and social justice.

What was the Suffrage Movement?

A campaign aimed at granting women the right to vote.

What was the Wisconsin Idea?

A progressive reform strategy promoting policies derived from public university research.

What is the Square Deal?

The domestic policy of President Theodore Roosevelt aimed at fairness for workers, consumers, and businesses.

What was the Pure Food and Drug Act?

A law passed in 1906 aimed at preventing the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs.

What does Trust Busting refer to?

Government activities aimed at breaking up monopolies and trust companies.

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting the U.S. right to intervene in Latin America.

What is Dollar Diplomacy?

A foreign policy strategy that used economic power to achieve diplomatic goals.

What is Moral Diplomacy?

A foreign policy proposed by Woodrow Wilson that supports human rights and self-determination.

What is the 'Big Stick' Policy?

A foreign policy approach emphasizing negotiation backed by the threat of military force.

What does Serbian nationalism refer to?

The nationalistic movement in Serbia that sought independence and influence over the Balkans.

What was the HMS Lusitania?

A British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, leading to U.S. involvement in WWI.

What was the Sussex Pledge?

A promise made by Germany to the U.S. to restrict submarine warfare.

What were the new technologies of WWI?

Innovations such as tanks, airplanes, and chemical weapons that changed warfare dynamics.

What was the Versailles Treaty?

A peace treaty that ended WWI and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

A statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations to end WWI.

What is the League of Nations?

An intergovernmental organization founded after WWI to promote peace and cooperation among countries.

What was the important event of Reconstruction?

The period after the Civil War focused on integrating formerly enslaved people and rebuilding the South.

What was the General Amnesty for Confederates in 1872?

A legislative act that pardoned many former Confederates, allowing them to rejoin political life.

What was the Election of 1876?

A highly contested election that resulted in the end of Reconstruction.

What was the Compromise of 1877?

An agreement that resolved the contested Election of 1876 and led to the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.

What was the Comstock Load?

A significant silver mine discovery in Nevada that contributed to the mining boom.

What happened at the Battle of Little Bighorn?

A 1876 battle where the U.S. Army faced a coalition of Native American tribes led by Sitting Bull.

What occurred during the Wounded Knee Massacre?

A tragic confrontation in 1890 where hundreds of Lakota Sioux were killed by U.S. troops.

What was the Panic of 1893?

A serious economic depression that began in the U.S. due to railroad overbuilding and shaky finance.

What characterized the Gilded Age?

A period marked by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and widespread political corruption.

What was the Election of 1896?

A pivotal election in which William McKinley defeated William Jennings Bryan, focusing on the gold standard.

What was the Sinking of the USS Maine?

An event leading to the Spanish-American War, where an explosion killed 266 U.S. sailors in Havana Harbor.

What was the Spanish-American War?

A conflict in 1898 between Spain and the U.S. that resulted in the U.S. gaining territories.

What happened during the Invasion of Cuba?

The U.S. military intervention that helped Cuban rebels defeat Spanish forces.

What was the Battle for Santiago Bay?

A naval battle during the Spanish-American War resulting in a decisive U.S. victory.

What was the Invasion of the Philippine Islands?

A military campaign during the Spanish-American War that resulted in the U.S. taking the Philippines.

What does foreign control of China refer to?

The division of China into spheres of influence by foreign powers in the late 19th century.

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

A violent uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence and was suppressed by an international coalition.

What was the War in Samoa?

A conflict involving the U.S., Germany, and Britain for control over the Samoan Islands.

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

A secret diplomatic communication from Germany proposing a military alliance with Mexico against the U.S.

What was the Tampico Incident?

A diplomatic conflict between the U.S. and Mexico in 1914 over the arrest of U.S. sailors.

What was the Hay – Banau – Varilla Treaty?

An agreement that granted the U.S. rights to build and control the Panama Canal.

What was the Punitive Expedition?

A military campaign led by General Pershing in 1916 against Pancho Villa in Mexico.

What was the Russo-Japanese War?

A conflict between Russia and Japan from 1904 to 1905 over imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea.

What was the Election of 1916?

An election in which incumbent President Wilson won re-election based on his promise to keep the U.S. out of WWI.

What event marked American entrance into the Great War?

The U.S. entering World War I in 1917 after repeated provocations from Germany, including unrestricted submarine warfare.