Overall Chapter 2 study material

Learn about all of Chapter 2 in your history text book

Why did the Portuguese first start exploring?

They didn’t have a port on the Med. Sea.

Also wanted to embody the 3 G’s (god, gold, and glory)

Prince Henry the Navigator

Started school of exploration in Sagres and was knowledgable of sailing and travel

Bartolemeu Dias

found cape of good hope by sailing along the coastline of A frica

Vasco de Gama

Rounded cape of good hope and reached Calicut India

Began making yearly voyages there and made Lisbon a trading marketplace for Europe

What 2 big things did Africa Trade?

Salt & Gold

Mansa Musa

One of the richest individuals in history

Strong Muslim leader

Vikings found/settled . . .

Greenland, Iceland, and present day Newfoundland came from Scandinavia

(first to the Americas but didn’t say anything about it)

Leif Erikkson

son of Leiff settled Norsemen in North America

Christopher Columbus

Born in Italy, wanted to spread Christianity/convert Native Americans

Sponsored by Spain (3 ships - Niña, Pinta, Santa María)

Encountered San Sansalvador and named it Holy Savior

Encountered Taino Indians - traded with them

disease spread and enslavement started and caused bad relationships

Line of Demarcation

Spain and Portugual - turned to Pope Alexander VI Had and imaginary line drawn dividing and splitting the “hemispheres”

Portugual - line of Demarcation territory

East

Spain - line of Demarcation territory

West

How many miles did the line OD move and in what direction?

810 miles, WEST

Amerigo Vespucci

realized the Americas were different from Asia

Continents were named after

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

first European to see the Pacific ocean from the Americas

Crossed the Isthmus Panama in 1513

Caste System - correct

Peninsulares - People born in Spain

Creoles - peoples who’s parents were born Spainish

Mestizos - one Spanish and one Native American parent

Mulaffoes - Anybody with African blood or both Native American parents

Caste System - incorrect

Peninsulares - People born in Portugual

Creoles - peoples who’s parents were born Portuguese

Mestizos - one Portuguese and one Native American parent

Mulaffoes - Anybody with Native American parents or African buddies parent born

Bartolome de Las Casa

Spoke out about Native Americans cruel treatment

Spanish Priest

Suggested using enslaved Africans instead and later regretted his decision

Encomienda

Spanish Labor contract rewarding conquerors with conquered non - Christian people

Hacienda

large estate or plantation with large dwelling house

Mercantilism

an economic theory taht a nation power depends on its ability to increase wealth by accumulating precious metals

export

to sell goods to other countries

bullion

a countries supply of gold and silver

Examples of raw materials . . .

lumber, iron or cotton

Examples of not raw materials

thing and things and things

Why was a favorable balance of trade important?

It was thought that the more goods and trade you did the more powerful your country was.

bullion

countries growth and supply of gold and silver

export

to sell goods to other countries

The Treaty of Tordesillas

This is when they Spain and Portugal agreed to move the LOD 810 miles to the west so then Portugal could colonize Brazil

What did Europeans want?

God, Gold, and Glory

What did Martin Luther do first?

Started complaining and disagreeing with the Catholic Church

Pope Leo X did or didn’t like his suggestions

didn’t in fact he rejected them

Martine Luthers ideas . . .

helped a religious movement

What was this religious movement called?

The Reformation

What year did protestant reformation began?

1517

Protestantism

a form of Christianity in opposition of the Catholic church

Who established England as a Protestant nation?

King Henry the 8th and later his daughter Elizabeth

Why did not very many people resist Protestanism?

Because they would lose there land and fortune

Spain tried to overthrow Proism. and sent a(n) ____ over.

Armada

England _____ the Armada

defeated

What are the two religions are try to convert Native people?

Proism., and Catholicism

What happened when people began trading goods, ideas, animal etc.

Global Exchange

Mundus Novus translates to . . .

New World

What is the Mundus Novus

A written book/article that Amerigo Vespucci wrote explaining his accounts and experiences in the new world and that it was separate from Asia.

How many native people did small pox kill?

20 million

Florentine Codex is . . .

A book that illustrates Aztec culture

Toribio de Benvente

a missionary who wrote accounts of natives he converted & described symptoms of small pox

How many volumes are in the Florentine Codex

12