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Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams, marking the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the U.S.

Louisiana Purchase

An 1803 acquisition from France that doubled the size of the U.S. and offered control over the Mississippi River and New Orleans.

Embargo Act of 1807

Legislation intended to avoid war by halting trade with Britain and France, which ultimately hurt the U.S. economy.

War of 1812

Conflict between the U.S. and Britain over maritime issues that ended with no clear winner but fostered American unity.

Era of Good Feelings

Period from 1817 to 1825 marked by political dominance of the Democratic-Republicans, though still rife with tensions over issues like slavery.

Missouri Compromise

1820 agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while drawing a line to limit the expansion of slavery.

Monroe Doctrine

1823 declaration that European powers should not interfere in the Americas, asserting U.S. influence in the Western Hemisphere.

American System

A plan by Henry Clay to improve the U.S. economy through protective tariffs, improved infrastructure, and a national bank.

Market Revolution

A significant economic transformation in the U.S. between 1815-1860 characterized by the rise of factories, railroads, and increased trade.

Election of 1824

Contentious election where Andrew Jackson won the popular vote but John Quincy Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives.