5 sustainability

fossil fuels

energy type thats not sustainable, they come from finite resources and will deplete. use of fossil fuels result in enhanced global warming, and they produce hamfull emissions

different types of energy

solar energy, wind, water power, nuclear energy, biomass and biomass derived energies (biofuels), hydrogen gas, geothermal, fossil fuels

PM2.5, PM10

Fine dust (2.5 size of particle) long expore leads to early death, PM2.5 is most dangerous is produced particularly during combustion(verbranding) of diesel fuel.

NOx

number of nitreogen oxydes, NO and NO2 most important, causes respiratory illnesses

Ozone

produced by fossil fuel combustion in lower atmosphere, harmfull in lower atmosphere

sustainable forms of energy

solar-, wind, geothermal, water energy. They are infinite and hardly result in emission of harmfull compounds. But a lot of land surface is needed to produce

Nuclear energy

not sustainable. 1. produces toxic waste. 2. accidents result in unlivable large areas for several decades due to radiation

Biomass by direct combustion

if temp is low→ no complete combustion → causes health and environmental problems

Biomass in the production of bio-fuels

chemically or bio-chemically converted to fuels.

first generation biofuels

not considered sustainable bc 1. food is used as fuel. 2. takes a lot of land to produce. 3. reduction potential of CO2 compared to fossil fuels is about 50% (50% less CO2 is emitted)

Second generation biofuels

more sustainable bc. derived from redundant or waste biomass, remains after crop are harvested, non edible parts. Reduction potential of CO2 up to 90%. More energy can be produced compared to 1st generation

Low environmental impact construction materials

production doesnt require finite resources, no release of harmfull compounds

renewable materials

re-growable materials (from non-finite resources, ex timber) or sources that are easily recyclable

Portland cement

results in co2 release of about 5-8% worldwide. Alternative binders can be used to reduce impact such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume

geopolymer

All OPC (ordinary portland cement0 is replaced, co2 profile is low however they use alkaline acitvators so might not score better in other impact categories. (strength development, shrinkage, corrosion resistance, fire resistance can be superior to OPC)

targets set by EU environmental council in 2015 in regards to decreasing emissions of greenhouse gasses

1. keep warming of the planet below 2 degrees

2. reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 50% in 2050

3. EU should become fully greenhouse gas emission neutral in 2100

targets set by EU environmental council in 2015 in regards to reducing use of finite resources

1. 50% reduction of primary resource consumption by 2030

2. more than 90% reduction of primary resource consumption by 2050

3. ???????

Ad Lansink, approach for material use

use of resources i/b excavation and landfilling

1. prevention

2. reuse

3. recycling

4. combustion

5. landfill

funtional performance test

before construction of (half)product can be reused, performance test must be done to assess quality of secondary product

CBE (team circular building economy)

published circular construction economy transtition agenda→ strategy described that would enable fully circular building economy by the year 2050

Platform CB’23 (platform circular constructoin 2023)

enabling circular building practices in NL, urges need for agreemenst on at least 7 topics