Chapter 2 - Eighth Grade American History S - Review Guide

How did the Southern gentry educate their children?

Hired private tutors.

How did young men usually learn a trade during colonial times?

They became an apprentice.

What court case helped establish the concept of Freedom of the Press?

The Zenger Case

What group of people had the right to vote in the English colonies?

White men only

What established church was supported in Rhode Island?

There was no established church; all faiths could worship freely.

Why did the Pilgrims create the Mayflower Compact?

To help govern their new colony fairly.

Who did James Oglethorpe want to make a new colony in North America for?

A colony where debtors would be protected.

Which colony began as a Dutch settlement?

New York

Why was there an attempt to establish a colony on Roanoke Island?

Provide new markets for English products and a source for raw materials for English industries.

What group of people were not protected by Maryland's 1649 Act of Toleration?

Non-Christians

Why did Bacon's Rebellion collapse?

Its leader, Nathaniel Bacon, became sick and died.

What was the backcountry?

A frontier region extending through several colonies, from Pennsylvania to Georgia.

What states made up the Middle Colonies?

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware

For what group of people did the Puritans assure the freedom of worship?

Themselves

Why did the Puritans leave England?

To escape persecution by England's king

What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?

Jamestown

What is triangular trade?

The Network of interchange Among Europe, Africa and the colonial Americas.

What is an import?

A good or service brought in from another country for sale.

What is an export?

Send (goods or services) to another country for sale.

What is mercantilism?

The theory that a nation's economic strength came from selling more than it bought from other nations.

What is libel?

A published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation, a written defamation.

What is an apprentice?

Someone who learns a trade by working for someone in that trade for a certain period of time.

What is Gullah?

A combination of English and West African languages spoken by African Americans in South Carolina and Georgia.

What is a gentry?

Upper class of colonial society

What is racism?

Belief that one race is superior to another.

What are slave codes?

Strict laws that restricted the rights and activities of slaves

What is a Debtor?

A person who owes money.

What is Indigo?

A plant used to make blue dye.

What is the Act of Toleration of 1649?

Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians.

Who were the Pennsylvania Dutch?

German-speaking Protestants who settled in Pennsylvania.

Who were the Quakers?

* A group of Protestants that settled in Pennsylvania under the leadership of William Penn.

• Believed in the equality of all people

What was a royal colony?

A colony that was directly ruled by a monarch according to the laws of England.

What was a proprietary colony?

An English colony in which the king gave land to proprietors in exchange for a yearly payment.

Who were the Purtians?

A group of English Protestants who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

What was the Mayflower Compact?

Document signed by men on the Mayflower, they agreed to work together and make decisions together, led to self-government in the colonies

What was persecution?

The mistreatment or punishment of a group of people because of their beliefs.

What is a Pilgrim?

A person who makes a journey for religious reasons.

What was Bacon's Rebellion?

Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.

What is a representative government?

The form of government in which voters elect people to make laws for them.

What was a charter?

A legal document giving certain rights to a person or company.

What is an alliance?

An agreement between nations to aid and protect one another.

What was the Northwest Passage?

The hoped-for water passage through North America to Asia.

What was a creole?

They were American born of Spanish descent.

What was a mestizo?

Mixed Spanish and Native American population.

What was a peninsulare?

A person born on the Iberian Peninsula; typically, a Spanish or Portuguese official who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain and then returned to Europe.

What was a conquistador?

Spanish soldiers who helped conquer the new world.

• Practiced religious tolerance