The Properties and Uses of Materials & Human Body Systems

Flashcards to review the properties and uses of materials, states of matter and human body systems including the circulatory, digestive, excretory, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, and muscular systems.

What are materials made from?

Materials or objects that you can see, feel, and touch are made from matter or substances.

Name some properties of materials.

Hard, soft, opaque, translucent, light, rough, smooth, shiny, or dull.

What are some other properties that describe materials?

Transparency, absorbency, strength, and flexibility.

What is a reversible change?

A change that can be undone or reversed, where you can get back the original substances you started with.

Give examples of reversible changes.

Melting, freezing, evaporating, condensing, dissolving and filtering.

What is an irreversible change?

A change where a new substance is formed and the change cannot be undone; it is permanent.

Give examples of irreversible changes.

Burning, heating and mixing.

What are the three states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

What are the characteristics of solids?

Solids have a definite volume and a definite shape.

What are the characteristics of liquids?

Liquids have a definite volume but do not have a definite shape; they take on the shape of their container.

What are the characteristics of gases?

Gases have no definite volume and no definite shape; they fill the space they are in.

What is melting?

Melting is the process by which a solid becomes a liquid.

What is freezing?

Freezing is the process by which a liquid becomes a solid.

What is evaporation?

Evaporation is the process by which a liquid becomes a gas, usually occurring at the surface of the liquid.

What is condensation?

Condensation is the process by which a gas changes its state to become a liquid.

What does the circulatory system consists of?

The heart, blood, and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

What is the function of the Arteries?

Carries oxygenated blood and nutrients away from the heart to the cells, tissues, and organs of the body.

What is the function of the veins?

Carry deoxygenated blood away from the parts of the body and back to the heart.

What is the function of the Capillaries?

Small, thin, tube-like vessels that act as a transfer station between arteries and veins, allowing nutrients and wastes to pass through cells.

What are the four major parts of blood?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

What is the function of the Red blood cells?

They contain protein called haemoglobin and function mainly as oxygen carriers.

What is the function of the white blood cells?

Make up the body's immune system, fighting off germs and protecting the body from infections and diseases.

What is the function of the Platelets?

Are small cells that come together to help the blood to clot and stop bleeding.

What is the function of the Plasma?

Fluid of the blood that acts as a vehicle to transport nutrients, carbon dioxide, and other waste products.

Name the organs of the body system

Heart, blood vessels, alimentary canal, liver pancreas, kidney, lungs, skin, liver intestines, brain and spinal cord, testes and ovaries, nose, mouth, bronchial tube, windpipe and lungs, skeleton, muscles.

What is Digestion?

The process by which food is broken down and made soluble so that it can pass into the bloodstream.

What is the alimentary canal?

A long tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus, including the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

What is peristalsis?

The muscular contractions that squeeze the food down into the stomach.

What are the main organs of the excretory system?

The kidneys, lungs, and skin.

What are the wastes of the excretory system?

Carbon dioxide, water, salts, sweat and heat.

What are the Kidneys?

Bean-shaped organs that filter blood and remove nitrogen wastes, some salts, and extra water, forming urine.

What is the Urine?

A liquid composed of nitrogen wastes, some salts, and extra water.

What is the Urea?

The main waste substance in urine.

What are the ureters?

Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

What is the urinary bladder?

A muscular organ which stores urine.

What is the urethra?

A tube through which urine is forced out of the body.

How does the lungs get rid of waste?

Lungs get rid of carbon dioxide.

What is the nervous system?

It is divided in two main systems: The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

What is the Cerebrum?

The largest part of the brain, controlling the senses, imagination, and thoughts.

What is the Cerebellum?

The smallest part of the brain, located at the back, controlling movements and helping to maintain balance.

What is the brain stem?

Connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord, helping with involuntary actions such as controlling heartbeats and digestion.

What does the male reproductive system consist of?

Consists of the penis and two testes or testicles.

What does the female reproductive system consist of?

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus or womb, and the vagina.

How is reproduction in humans?

In humans, two parents (male and female) are involved and reproduction happens through sexual intercourse. The process consist in the sperm will fertilize the egg to form a new cell, called fertilization.

What are the organs of the respiratory systemr?

Nose, mouth, trachea or windpipe, alveoli sacs , bronchioles, bronchi and capillaries.

What is the breathing process?

The movement of air into and out of the lungs.

What does the skeleton includes?

Skull, backbone, shoulders, hips, arms, and legs.

How many bones does a human skeleton has?

206

What type of joints are there?

Hinge joints, ball and socket joints and fixed joints.

Where are skeletal or voluntary muscles attached?

To the bones of the skeleton. You control many of these muscles.

What are the six different types of nutrients that our body require?

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.

What are carbohydrates?

Are made up of the chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Provides the body, with heat and energy, consists of starches, sugars and fibre.

What are the Fats functions?

Protects vital organs of the body. Excess fats in the food we eat are stored under the skin. This layer of fat helps the body to retain its heat. Provide the body with heat and energy.

What are proteins?

Are building blocks, essential for growth, body maintenance, and repairing worm out or damaged tissues.

What is diabetes?

Occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. Too much sugar in the blood can cause serious, sometimes life-threatening health problems.

How to prevent diabetes?

Regular exercise, a well-balanced diet and monitoring weight.

What happens if there is lack of calcium?

Softening of bones muscle spasms and leg cramps.