Key Concepts from the Articles of Confederation to the War of 1812

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and principles from the period of the Articles of Confederation through the War of 1812, focusing on the formation of the Constitution, the rise of political parties, and significant Supreme Court decisions.

What treaty ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized US Independence?

Treaty of Paris

Who is the author of 'Wealth of Nations', published in 1776?

Adam Smith

When were the Articles of Confederation ratified?

1781

What was a major flaw of the Articles of Confederation regarding taxation?

The government had no ability to tax.

What type of government did the Articles of Confederation establish?

A weak national government.

How many states needed to agree to pass a law under the Articles of Confederation?

Nine out of thirteen states.

What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 accomplish?

Determined how to survey and sell public land.

Which rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Shays’ Rebellion.

What issue did the Constitutional Convention address in May 1787?

To revise the Articles of Confederation.

Who proposed the Virginia Plan?

James Madison.

What type of legislature did the Virginia Plan propose?

Bicameral legislature.

What was the main difference between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?

Virginia Plan favored larger states; New Jersey Plan favored small states.

What compromise established a bicameral legislature with representation based on population?

Great Compromise.

What was the purpose of the Electoral College?

To formally elect the President and Vice President.

What did the 3/5 Compromise determine?

Slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person for representation.

What compromise allowed Congress to delay regulating the slave trade until 1808?

Slave Trade Compromise.

What two factions emerged during the ratification of the Constitution?

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.

Which two states refused to ratify the Constitution without a Bill of Rights?

Virginia and New York.

What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution called?

Bill of Rights.

Who is known as the 'Father' of the new nation?

George Washington.

What principle divides powers between the national and state governments?

Federalism.

What are the three branches of government established by the Constitution?

Legislative, Executive, Judicial.

What is the purpose of the system of checks and balances?

To prevent one branch of government from becoming too powerful.

What is the 'Necessary and Proper Clause' also known as?

Elastic Clause.

What major event did the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 challenge?

The legitimacy of the national government.

What were the main points of Washington's Farewell Address?

Unity, loyalty to party over nation, and danger of foreign entanglements.

Who led the Federalists?

Alexander Hamilton.

What economic model did Hamilton favor?

An economy based on shipping, manufacturing, and industry.

What party did Thomas Jefferson lead?

Democratic-Republicans.

What was the main focus of the Federalists' interpretation of the Constitution?

Loose interpretation.

What act restricted American trade with foreign nations in 1807?

Embargo Act of 1807.

What was one of the main causes of the War of 1812?

British impressment of American sailors.

Who was the Chief Justice during the Marshall Court?

John Marshall.

What case established the principle of Judicial Review?

Marbury v. Madison.

What did McCulloch v. Maryland establish regarding federal banks?

States cannot tax a federal bank.

What was a significant effect of the War of 1812?

Shifted focus from European affairs to westward expansion.

What political stance did Jefferson take regarding the national bank?

Against it—supporting states' control.

Who wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

What did the Alien and Sedition Acts aim to reduce?

The political power of new immigrants.

What was the outcome of the election of 1800?

Thomas Jefferson tied with Aaron Burr, leading to a decision in the House of Representatives.

What was a consequence of Jefferson's presidency regarding foreign trade?

The Embargo Act led to increased tensions with the UK.

Who was considered the 'enemy' of the Federalists according to Washington's Address?

Loyalty to party over nation.