Lecture 43: Cardiovascular system- Endocardial, Valvular, Epicardial, Pericardial diseases

Hematocysts and Lymphocysts occur most commonly in what species?

ruminants

What are hematocysts and lymphocysts

benign blood or lymph filled cysts

Hematocysts and lymphocysts can rupture and regress on their own. True or false.

true

Are hematocysts and lymphocysts associated with any functional abnormalities?

typically not associated with functional abnormalities

What is endocardial mineralization?

Variably sized coalescing, gritty white plaques associated with the endocardium of valve leaflets

what are causes of endocardial mineralization?

Vit D

- Rodenticides

- Plants (Cestrum sp. Trisetum sp., Solanum sp.)

Granulomatous disease

- Johne's disease (Cattle)

- Fungal disease

Uremia

Ulcerative endocarditis is caused by _______.

uremia

what species is ulcerative endocarditis typically seen in?

dogs

which atrium is more commonly associated with ulcerative endocarditis?

left atrium>> right atrium

Vegetative valvular endocarditis is a result of ________.

chronic bacterial infections, uncommonly parasitic or fungal.

describe the gross lesions associated with vegetative valvular endocarditis

Large adhered, tan to mottled red, irregular and rough, friable vegetations (nodules) associated with the heart valves.

Valvular Endocardiosis (Myxomatous valvular degeneration) is most common in ________.

middle aged to older dogs

are males or females more likely to have valvular Endocardiosis (Myxomatous valvular degeneration)?

males>> females

describe the gross lesions associated with valvular Endocardiosis (Myxomatous valvular degeneration)

Smooth raised off white to coalescing nodular thickenings associated with the AV valve leaflets often associated with contraction of the valve leaflet.

what dog breed is most commonly associated with valvular endocardiosis (myxomatous valvular degeneration)

cavalier king charles spaniel

What are the causes of epicardial mineralization?

- Vit E/ Selenium deficiency (extension of myocardial mineralization)

- Vit D toxicosis

- Hereditary (mice and hamsters)

- Spontaneous (rats and guinea pigs)