APW Chapter 7

when did the Protestant reformation begin

1517

Who posted the 95 thesis

Martin Luther

what did the 95 Thesis do

Gave new religious legitimacy to the middle class and commoners were attracted to the new religious ideas

what did the reformation not do

give women a greater role in church or society

what helped the reformation spread rapidly

the invention of the printing press

what did the Protestant reformation provoke

a catholic counter-reformation

what did the reformation encourage skepticism about

authority and tradition

who motivated and benefited from the European expansion

Christianity

Where were missionaries most successful

Spanish America and the Philippines

what happened to the majority of Native American by 1700

they have been baptized and saw themselves as Christians

what happened to most religions

occasional campaigns of destruction (extirpatation)

what was common among traditions

The blending of two religious traditions

what were Jesuits in China

leading missionary order in China especially targeted to the Chinese elite

what were jesuits appreciated for

scientific, geographical, technological, and cartographical skills

what was Christianity viewed as in the Chinese Culture

very unappealing and as an “all or nothing” religion

Who was outraged by Christian doctrine

emperor Kangxi and he prohibited to spread it

Who Opposed the Jesuit accommodation policy

other missionaries and The pope, they claimed the Authority

What is the conversion of Islam not mean

sudden abandonment of all the religious practices - more assimilation

What spread to the Americas

Islam and it also offered connection to the Wider Islamic world

What was the most well known l Islamic renewal movement

Wahhabi Islam

Who is the founder of Wahabi Islam and what did he aim to restore

Ahd al-Wahhab and he aimed to restore absolute monotheism, end veneration of Saints

What did the main and queen dynasty in China still operate within

A Confucian framework enriched with Buddhist and Daoist led to Neo-Confucianism

Who did the Chinese Buddhist try to make religion more accessible to

commoners

kaozheng

Research based on evidence was a new direction in Chinese elite culture

kaozheng created what

A production of plays, paintings, and literature

Hindu India created a what

state cult that fused Islam, Hinduism, and Zoroastrianism together

what movement bridged Hindu and Muslim

The bhakti movement

Who is one of the best loved bhakti poets

Mirabai

What is Sikhism

A religion that blended Islam and Hinduism; founder guru nanak

What was the idea of corporation

Collective group treated as a legal unit with certain rights

Who is the most important development of science in the West

autonomy of emerging universities

In what religion was not taught in the education system

in the Islam world

16th-18th century what were Europeans in the center of

A massive new information exchange

What was the European view of the world before the scientific revolution

The earthquake stationary, at the center of the universe; a universe of divine purpose

what was the initial breakthrough during the scientific revolution

it was done by Nicholas Copernicus and it promoted the sun and the planets revolved around the sun

Who developed an improved telescope

Galileo Galilei

Who was at the top of the Scientific Revolution

Sir Issac Newton

What concepts did Sir Isaac Newton formulate

laws of motion and mechanics; central concept was universal gravitation

Who was the woman who discovered a comment but her husband had to take credit

Margaret Cavendish

How was enlightenment defined as

daring to know by Immanuel Kent

What did European enlightenment tend to be

satirical, critical, open minded and inquisitive and hustle to authorities

John Locke had what kind of ideas

ideas of constitutional government

pantheists

equated God and nature

what was Voltaires treaties on toleration

belief in a remote deity who created the world but doesn’t intervene

What did Rosseau say?

Hs said women were fundamentally different and imperial to men

What was the central theme of enlightenment

The idea of progress

What did the romantic movement appeal to

Emotion, intuition, passion, and imagination

enlighten religion fused what two things together

Faith and science

what became the most widely desired product of European culture

Science

Who were the only people allowed in Japan to trade

The Dutch near Nagasaki

Why did the Ottoman Empire choose not to translate major scientific works

Scholars were only interested in idea ideas of practical utility

what did Charles Darwin argue

All of life was a constant change - struggle for survival

Karl Marx present human was what

A process of change and struggle; conflicting social classes drove transformation

Sigmund Freud casted doubt on what

human rationality