History Midterm

Pastoralist

A member of a nomadic group that keeps herds of animals.

Turkish nomads

Nomadic people who became notable for their involvement in caravan trade routes.

Shamanism

An early religion of nomads involving shamans as spiritual leaders, often combined with other belief systems.

Diplomatic communication

The exchange of information and negotiation between separate political entities, essential for the Mongols to secure trade.

Swahili architecture

Structures in coastal East Africa that reflected wealth from trade, evolving from wooden buildings to coral stone mosques by the 12th century.

Islamic traits

Cultural behaviors or characteristics adopted by West African merchants during trade, connecting them with Islamic practices.

Capetian France

A dynasty in France focused on enhancing royal power through relationships with nobles and governance.

Byzantine theme system

A military and administrative arrangement in the Byzantine Empire aimed at managing land and resources effectively.

Inca state religion

Belief system where the ruler was seen as a god, with religion influencing all aspects of life and society.

Aztec priesthood

A position of high honor in Mexica society, highly educated and central to religious ceremonies.

Black Death

A devastating pandemic that drastically reduced populations across Afro-Eurasia, leading to labor shortages and economic changes.

Marco Polo's travels

Journeys that introduced Europeans to the economies of Eurasia and inspired greater participation in trade.

Volta do mar

A navigational technique used by mariners to efficiently ride wind patterns, facilitating safer trade routes.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, and goods between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia that transformed diets and agriculture.

Maize (corn)

A significant American crop introduced to Europe and Asia, providing essential nutrition.

Horses in the Americas

Animals brought from Afro-Eurasia that enhanced transportation and trade for Native Americans.

Bhakti movement

• blended religions

• faith/ devotion

• Vishnu, Shira, Allah are all the same

• The bhakti movement was a response to Islam in India

Buddhism

• Uses the practices of the Four Holy Truths

• attracted merchants

• was a very inclusive religion

• and had no language barrier because it was a language a lot of people spoke

Sufis

• Mystics

• Islam

• Missionaries

• less strict

• focusing more on faith and devotion

Caste system

A social hierarchy that divides people into hereditary groups based on occupancy, birth, and social status

Hinduism

• main religion in India and embraced cults because they promised salvation

• Had mystic union with Gods

Grand Canal

An Important part of the dark ages. Made by the Sui Dynasty, was one of the most important engineering advancements in Chinese history.

Fast ripening rice

Made during the Song dynasty. It was originally made by the Vietnam, made harvesting faster and easier.

E.F.S.

Made sure everybody got land, whether you were rich or not. It goes off of how many able-bodied adults are in a household.

Romulous and Remulous

Twins of Gods. Founded rome

Carolingian Empire

Founded by Charles Martel. Before he passed he gave the land to his three grandsons, and they split it into three and ruined it forever.

Pope/ Preist

Usually a very big part in Government in the Americas and Byzantine and Holy Roman Empires. The pope/ preist would make a lot of big decisions in the court of law which affected a lot of laws

3 feild system

A method of agricultural farming. Three rotations of farming: Wheat, Fallows, and Oats/ beans, these are the seasonal harvests.

Corpus Iuris Civilis

Made by the emperor of Rome, Justinian. Means body of Civil Law. simplifies laws we still use today

Caesaropapism

Definition: A ruler has divine favor. Concentration of power with an emperor.

Ketchup

• used to be known as catsup= Cantonese

• china made a lot of money from it

• also a lot to do with fermented fish sauce

Neoconfucianism

Derived from Confucianism, was a religious movement, combines philosophy with doctrines of Buddhism and Daoism.