Variation, evolution and classification

Sex cells are known as ___ because they have half the normal number of chromosomes

Haploid

What name is given to cells with two sets of chromosomes?

Diploid

Environmental, genetic or both: language and accent

Environmental

Environmental, genetic or both: height

Both

A ___ is a change in a gene or chromosome that happens spontaneously and continually

Mutation

__ __ is the process where organisms that are better adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce

Natural selection

___ ___ is where humans breed plants and animals for specific genetic characteristics

Selective breeding

What is the name of the process shown below?

Selective breeding

Because of selective breeding and inbreeding, the __ __ within a population is reduced

Gene pool

__ __ involves modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to result in a desired characteristic

Genetic engineering

In genetic engineering, ___ and heat are used to cut a specific gene from a chromosome

Enzymes

This diagram shows the genetic engineering of insulin: fill the gaps

Chromosome, gene, enzyme, enzymes, reproduction

Genetic engineering is (faster/slower) than selective breeding

Faster

Genetic engineering ___ crop yield and crop quality

Improves

Genetically engineered crop seeds are often ( cheaper/ more expensive)

More expensive

GM crops could cause ___ reaction in people

Allergic

Cloning plants that have a desirable characteristic is (cheap/expensive) and (slow/quick)

Cheap, quick

The simplest way to clone a plant is to take a __

Cutting

When cloning a plant by taking a cutting, using a __ __ __ helps keep it moist and warm

Clear plastic bag

When cloning a plant by taking a cutting, __ __ are often used to encourage new roots to develop

Plant hormones

This diagram shows plant cloning by tissue culture: fill the gaps

Parent, Agar, plantlets, compost

This diagram shows embryo transplants, the most basic form of animal cloning; fill the gaps

Artificially inseminated, embryos, specialised, transplanted

This diagram shows adult cell cloning; fill the gaps

Body, nucleus, egg, empty, DNA, embryo