Unit 1 - Mix and Flow of Matter - Grade 8 Unit Review

pressure

the force acting perpendicular to a surface area

hydraulics

the study of the pressure in a liquid

hydraulic system

a device that transmits an applied force through a liquid to move something else by means of pressure.

pneumatic system

A system in which a gas, such as air, transmits a force exerted on the gas in an enclosed space

viscosity

the measure of how fast a fluid will flow; the "thickness" or "thinness" of a fluid.

flow rate

The speed at which a volume of fluid flows from one point to another

density

the amount of mass in a certain unit volume in a substance.

mass

the amount of matter in a substance: often measured with balance.

volume

Amount of space occupied by an object

force

A push or pull exerted on an object

gravity

the downward force on an object. opposite of buoyancy

buoyancy

the tendency to rise or float in a fluid.

buoyant force

the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object

floating

the ability for an object to remain suspended on a liquid

Density formula

D = m/V

neutral buoyancy

If the amount of force pushing up ( buoyancy) equals the amount of force pulling it down ( gravity)

solid

definite shape and volume, tightly packed particles, little movement, strong attractive forces

gas

no definite shape nor volume, able to move freely, weak attractive forces

liquid

no definite shape but has a definite volume, weak attractive forces, movement- rotating, vibrating

formula for density

d= m/v

mass units

grams (g)

volume units for liquids/gases

ml or L

formula for pressure

P= F/A

triangle for pressure?

density units for solids

g/cm3

density units for liquids/gases

g/mL

Increasing temperature

decreases viscosity

Decreasing temperature

increases viscosity

High viscosity fluid

Honey

Low viscosity fluid

Water

Density of water

1g/mL

Compressibility

the extent to which a substance can be compressed

Incompressible

Cannot be compressed

Pascals law

States that a force applied to a fluid is distributed equally through all parts of the fluid

Pressure units

Pascals or N/m2

Dentist drill

Pneumatic system

Car lift

Hydraulic system

Surfactant

a substance that attach to dirt/oil removing them from clothing

SCUBA

self-contained underwater breathing apparatus

The "bends"

decompression sickness

Pump

A device used to move fluid

Valve

device that controls/regulates amount of flow

Submarine on surface

ballast tanks filled with air

Submarine submerged

ballast tanks filled with seawater

Submarine resurfacing

compressed air forced into ballast tanks replacing seawater