BIO122 MODELS FUNCTIONS

cervical lymph nodes

cervical region, bean-shaped clusters along lymphatic vessels and embedded in connective tissue, contain macrophages and lymphocytes, swollen during infection

internal jugular vein

takes blood from the head to the brachiocephalic vein

left internal jugular vein

collects lymph from left lymphatic duct, carries deoxygenated blood to the left brachiocephalic vein

right internal jugular vein

collects lymph from right lymphatic duct, carries deoxygenated blood to the right brachiocephalic vein

right lymphatic duct

collects lymph from right upper extremity

right subclavian vein

collects lymph from right lymphatic duct, carries deoxygenated blood to the right brachiocephalic vein

left subclavian vein

collects lymph from left lymphatic duct, carries deoxygenated blood to the left brachiocephalic vein

right subclavian artery

takes blood from the brachiocephalic trunk to the axillary artery

right axillary artery

takes blood from right subclavian artery to right brachial artery

right axillary vein

takes blood from right brachial vein to right subclavian vein

brachial artery

takes blood away from axillary artery to ulnar/radial artery

brachial vein

takes blood away from ulnar/radial vein to axillary vein

basilic vein

takes blood from hand to axillary vein

left/right ulnar/radial artery

takes blood from brachial artery to hand

right and left brachiocephalic vein

takes deoxygenated blood from the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein and sends it to the superior vena cava

axillary lymph nodes

axillary region, bean-shaped clusters along lymphatic vessels and embedded in connective tissue, contain macrophages and lymphocytes, swollen during infection

thoracic duct

receives lymph from thorax and lower extremities

cisterna chyli

receives lymph from digestive viscera

spleen

secondary lymphoid organ, resembles lymph nodes in structure, helps filter blood and recycle RBCs

peyer's patches

secondary lymphoid organs similar to lymph nodes found around small intestines

appendix

secondary lymphoid organ, located at the inferior end of the cecum. infection can cause appendicitis. organ without major function in humans. However houses beneficial bacteria

inguinal lymph nodes

inguinal region, bean-shaped clusters along lymphatic vessels and embedded in connective tissue, contain macrophages and lymphocytes, swollen during infection

lymphatic collecting vessels

collect lymph from lymphatic capillaries and pass them to lymphatic trunks

superior vena cava

carries deoxygenated blood from the upper extremities to the heart

aorta

sends oxygenated blood from the heart into systemic circulation

ascending aorta

brings oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

descending aorta

takes blood from ascending aorta to abdominal aorta

ligamentum arteriosum

remnant of the ductus arteriosus

azygos vein

takes deoxygenated blood from thorax and abdomen to superior vena cava

great cardiac vein

send deoxygenated blood to the arm/shoulder/neck areas

circumflex artery

sends oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart

inferior vena cava

carries deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities to the heart

heart

responsible for circulation of blood to tissues of the body

kidneys

filters blood and maintains fluid balance

liver

takes blood from hepatic portal vein to hepatic veins

hepatic vein

takes blood from liver to inferior vena cava

left gastric vein

takes blood from stomach to celiac trunk

celiac trunk

takes blood from the abdominal aorta to the liver, left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery

left gastric artery

takes blood from celiac trunk to stomach

common hepatic artery

takes blood from celiac trunk to liver/stomach

superior mesenteric vein

takes blood from small intestine to hepatic portal vein

hepatic portal vein

takes blood from stomach to the liver

superior mesenteric artery

takes blood from abdominal aorta to small intestine

splenic artery

takes blood form celiac trunk to spleen

renal artery

takes blood from abdominal aorta to kidney

renal vein

takes blood from kidney to inferior vena cava

abdominal aorta

takes blood from descending aorta to abdominal organs

inferior mesenteric artery

takes blood from the abdominal aorta to the large intestines

typical vein

return blood from the capillaries toward the heart, contains valves

valve in vein

prevents back flow of blood

typical artery

carries blood away from the heart towards capillaries

tunica interna

decreases resistance to blood flow, continuous and same function as endocardium

tunica media

middle layer, regulates the diameter of blood vessels

tunica externa

protection

gonadal arteries

takes blood from the abdominal aorta to the testes/ovaries

muscle wall of right ventricle

sends deoxygenated blood coming from the right atrium to the pulmonary trunk via the pulmonary semilunar valve

muscle wall of left ventricle

sends oxygenated blood coming from the left atrium into the aorta via the aortic semi‐lunar valve

interventricular septum

thick muscular wall separating the ventricles

right atrium

sends deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, sends blood to the left ventricle via the bicuspid/mitral valve

left ventricle

receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium, sends blood to the aorta via the aortic semilunar valve

right auricle

flap-like structure above the right atrium

left auricle

flap-like structure above the left atrium

right coronary artery

sends oxygenated blood to the right side of the heart

coronary sinus

returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

left atrial wall

receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins, sends blood into the left ventricle via the mitral valve

chordae tendineae

holds the atrioventricular valves in place

right ventricle

sends deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the pulmonary trunk

pulmonary trunk

receives deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and sends it to the pulmonary arteries

papillary muscles

holds the chordae tendineae in place

tricuspid valve of right ventricle

aka right atrioventricular valve, separates right atrium & right ventricle, prevents back flow of blood

bicuspid/mitral valve of left ventricle

aka left atrioventricular valve, separates left atrium and left ventricle, prevents back flow of blood into left atrium

pulmonary semilunar valve

between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk, prevents back flow of blood into the right ventricle

aortic semilunar valve

between left ventricle and aorta, prevents back flow of blood into the left ventricle

left and right pulmonary arteries

sends deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary trunk to the lungs

left and right pulmonary veins

returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

pectinate muscle

found in the auricles

de

oval depression remnant of foramen ovale in adult heart

opening of coronary sinus

returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

trabeculae carneae

rounded muscle surfaces found in the ventricles

lungs

site of gas exchange and blood oxygenation

brachiocephalic artery

brings blood to the right neck and arm regions

left and right brachiocephalic veins

takes deoxygenated blood to the superior vena cava

right common carotid artery

takes blood from brachiocephalic trunk to right head/neck

left common carotid artery

take blood from aortic arch to the left head/neck

subclavian artery

brings oxygenated blood to the arm/shoulder areas

epicardium

protects the heart

myocardium

allows the heart to contract

endocardium

decreases resistance to blood flow