Vocab 12-13-14

22nd Amendment

Presidents can only serve 2 terms in office

Impeachment

Political equivalent of an indictment, President may be indicted for treason, bribery, & other high crimes

25th Amendment

Procedures for replacing the President if they die or leave office for another reason

Executive Orders

Used to implement statutes, treaties, & provisions of the constitution

Cabinet

Group of Presidential advisors not mentioned in the constitution

Veto

Constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to congress with reasons for rejecting it

Pocket Veto

Type of veto occurring when congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president and he lets the bill die by not approving or denying it

Presidential Coattails

When voters cast their ballots for congressional candidates of the president’s part because they support the president

War Powers Resolution

Requires presidents to consult with congress whenever possible prior to using military force and to withdraw forces within 60 days unless congress declares war

Legislative Veto

Vote in congress to override a presidential decision

Crisis

Sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event requiring the president to play the role of crisis manager

Fiscal Policy

Use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence a country’s economy

Monetary Policy

Set of tools used by a country to control the money supply and promote economic growth

Keynesian Economics

Belief that demand does not equal production capacity

Supply Side Economics

Belief that tax cuts and deregulation drive economic growth

Budget

Policy document allocating burdens and benefits

Expenditures

Government spending

Revenues

The financial resources of the government

Deficit

An excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues

Federal Debt

All the outstanding money borrowed by the government

Income Tax

Shares of individual wages and corporate revenues collected by the government

Social Security

1935 act intended to provide a minimal level of sustenance to older Americans to save them from poverty.

Medicare

Program added to the Social Security program in 1965 that gives healthcare to the elderly

Incrementalism

Description of the budget process in which the best predictor of this year’s budget is last year’s budget, plus a little bit more

Uncontrollable Expenditures

Expenditures that are determined by how many eligible beneficiaries there are for a program or by previous obligations of the government that congress therefore cannot easily control

Entitlements

Policies for which congress has obligated itself to pay X number of benefits to Y number of recipients

House Ways & Means Committee

Writes the tax codes, subject to approval of congress as a whole

Senate Finance Committee

Also writes the tax codes, subject to approval of congress as a whole

Bureaucracy

Hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle & behaves with impersonality

Independent Regulatory Agency (IRC)

Government agency with responsibilities for making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest in some sector of the economy and for judging disputes over these rules

Government Corporations

Government Organization that provides a service that could be delivered by the private sector and typically charges for its services

Independent Executive Agency

The government agencies not accounted for by cabinet departments, IRCs, and government corporations. Administrators typically appointed by the president and serve by the president’s pleasure

Policy Implementation

The stage of policymaking between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for the people affected. It involves translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an operating, ongoing program

Regulation

Use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector

Deregulation

the lifting of government restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities

Bully Pulpit

Convincing people to support your cause by using force like yelling