public speaking final

public speaking SPT1113 final

what is ethics?

to provide honest facts with integrity and without deception or distortion

what is the digital divide?

the lack of technological and communicative resources available in underdeveloped countries, impacting their methods and means of communication

what is rhetoric?

a term for public speaking given by Aristotle

who was Aristotle and what were his methods of proof?

greek philosopher who developed logos, ethos, and pathos

who was Cicero and what were his five arts?

Roman philosopher who created the five arts of public speaking; invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery

what is interpersonal communication?

communication between two or more people

what is small-group communication

interactions among three or more people who are connected through a common purpose, mutual influence, and a shared identity

what is organizational communication?

the communication that takes place between people who are working towards common goals within a organization

what is mass communication?

the process of imparting and exchanging information through mass media to large population segment

what is public communication?

the practice of dispersing a message to the general populace or to a specific group using various tools and methods

what is the model of human communication?

a model that shows the three categories of human communication; linear, interactive, and transactional

what is speech anxiety and how do you combat it ?

the fear of speaking in front of an audience

what is plagarism?

using someone else’s work within your work as your work and not giving them proper acknowledgement

what are oral citations?

a source of information that a speaker mentions or cites during a speech

what is gender-neutral language?

using non gender specific terms to refer to individuals when speaking; such as they, them, the customer, the consumer, individuals, etc

contrast internal vs. external noise

internal thoughts are the thoughts, emotions, and physical sensations that interfere with listening; external noises are the outside conditions in the environment that interfere with listening

contrast open ended vs. closed ended questions

open ended questions can be answered in detail; closed ended questions can only be answered by a single word or from a limited number of options

what is general purpose?

the overall goal of the speech; to inform, persuade, or take active part in a special occasion

what is specific purpose?

a concise statement saying what the speaker will achieve in giving a speech

what is a topic?

the main subject, idea, or theme of a speech

what is a thesis?

a single declarative sentence that captures the central idea of a speech

what does it mean to be audience centered?

acknowledging an audience’s expectations and situations before, during, and after a speech

what is speaker credibility?

how much an audience views the speaker as competent, trustworthy, friendly, and dynamic

contrast demographics vs. psychographics

demographics refers to statistical data collected for a population, and psychographics refers to information about a particular population’s attitudes, aspirations, and other psychological criteria

what is a standpoint?

the psychological location or place from which an individual views, interprets, and evaluates the world

what are attitudes

a frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, topic, etc.

what are beliefs

assumptions that you think are true

what are values

your standards and principles in life

what are examples as support

real life examples used in speeches that relate to your topic; have an emotional appeal and are used to personalize the topic

what are narratives as support

storytelling that is relevant to your topic that is used to engage the audience and dramatize the topic

what are statistics as support

statistics used in a speech that relate to the topic; have a logical appeal and are used to demonstrate the scope of a problem and offer furute predictions based on trends identified

what are testimonies as support

personal testimonies used in a speech that relates to the topic; has an emotional, cultural, and logical appeal and are used to enhance speaker credibility

what are definitions as support

definitions of words or phrases used in a speech that relate to the topic; has an emotional and logical appeal and is used to establish a common meaning of something and clarify concepts and topic boundaries

contrast connotative and denotative meanings for words

connotative meanings are the emotional and personal associations to certain words; denotative meanings are the logical definitions of a word that you would find in a dictionary

what is ethos

the credibility and trustworthiness of a speaker

what is pathos

to persuade an audience by using emotions to make them feel the way speaker wants them to feel

what is logos

to appeal to the audience’s sense of reason and logic; using logic and reasoning

what are the five patterns of reasoning

inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, casual reasoning, analogical reasoning, and reasoning by sign

what is reasoning by sign

assumes that something that exists or will happen based on something else that exists or has happened

what is analogical reasoning

a process of reasoning by way of comparison and similarity

what is casual reasoning

establishes an “if then” relationship, suggesting that if one event happens (a cause) then another is sure to follow

what is deductive reasoning

reasoning from a general principle, begins with a commonly accepted major premise

what is inductive reasoning

reasoning from specific instances, relies on series of claims we develop or assume to be true

what are the five organizational patterns for informative speeches

chronological, spatial, topical, narrative, and cause-and-effect

what is contained within the body of a speech

first main points, subpoint, transition to second main point, second main point, subpoint, transition to third main point, third main point, subpoint,

what is containing within the conclusion of the speech

review of main points, reinforcement of the purpose of the speech, and closure

what are the four functions of an introduction

getting the audience’s attention, indicating purpose of thesis, establishing credibility, and previewing the main points

what are metaphors

a comparison using a short phrase to provide emphasis but not a full explanation

what is slang

informal nonstandard language often used within a particular group

what is jargon

technical language used by members of a profession or associated with specific topics

what is delivery

the public presentation of a speech

what are the four types of delivery methods and when are they most likely used

impromptu (used to respond to an audience question or giving a speech on the spot), extemporaneous (used mostly in a classroom, professional, and community presentations), manuscript (used in political speeches), and memorized (used in short ceremonial speeches)

what is the purpose of an informative speech

to raise awareness, increase knowledge, or deepen understanding about a topic

what are the five types of informative speech categories and what do they entail

objects and places (any nonliving things that can be perceived by the human senses and geographic location), people and other living things (people and their lives or other living things such as animals, plants, etc), processes (how something is done, how it works, or how it has developed), events (a significant occurrence that the individual personally experiences or that others know about), and ideas and concepts (mental activity including thoughts, understandings, beliefs, notions, and principles)

what is the purpose of persuasive speech

to persuade your audience and convince them to do something specific and feasible

contrast questions of fact, value, and policy

fact is based on actual experience, value is based on the concepts of what is right/wrong/important, and policy is based on a question that asks what course of action should be taken/how a problem should be solved

what are the four types of organizational patterns for persuasive speeches

spatial, topical, chronological, or cause and effect

what are the four types of appeals and what do they mean

ethos; the speaker’s credibility, pathos; appeals to emotions logos; appeals to logic, and mythos; appeals to cultural beliefs and values

what are the fallacies

an error in making an argument