APHG test

Nationalism

An ideology emphasizing loyalty to a nation, prioritizing its interests, sovereignty, and shared cultural identity.

Nation-state

A group of people with the same common bond that live in the same place

Colonialism

Controlling another territory for settlement and economic exploitation.

Imperialism

Extending power through diplomacy or force.

Neocolonialism

A way by which rich and powerful countries influence poorer countries without completely seizing control

Superimposed boundary

A boundary people put in place without considering the boundaries that are already put in place

Choke point

A narrow passage that restricts traffic to another region

Exclave

An area of a country that is separate from the country it originates from (Hawaii and Alaska)

Enclave

A country that is surrounded by another country that does not control it

Shatterbelt

A region that is stuck between larger external powers who are fighting

Autonomous region

A territory of another country that has the power to make its own decisions about how it should be governed

Semi autonomous region

A territory of another country that has some but not full power to make decisions

Buffer state

A weak country that is located in between the border of two others country which hold power and authority

Demilitarized Zone

An operational boundary that serves as a divider between two countries in conflict. These places are often used as meeting places for treaties or agreements

Gerrymandering

deliberate manipulation of electoral district boundaries to give one political party or group an unfair advantage over another

Cracking/packing

Intentionally changing voting district boundaries to be favorable to a certain group

Unitary government

A system in which one central government holds power and makes the laws for the entire country

Federal government

A system of governing that allows local governments to have more power and say

Ethnonationalism

A form of nationalism in which the nation is defined in terms of ethnic identity

Centripetal Force

A joining force that unites people

Centrifugal force

A force that separates and divides people

Irredentism

The political claim to territory in another country based on ethnic affiliations and historic borders

Democratization

Occurs when a sovereign state moves from a non-democracy to a democracy

Self determination

The idea that a group of people has the right to choose their own government and future of politics

UNCLOS

A UN agreement that established rules for how countries use and control the oceans around the world

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

An ocean area up to 200 nautical miles from a country’s coast that a country owns and can be controlled and used for resources

NATO

A military alliance between countries who agree to protect one another if the other is attacked

ASEAN

A group of Southeast Asian countries who work together on matters of things like the economy, government cooperation, and social and cultural development

Terrorism

When a group of people uses threats or violence to reach political goals

Domestic terrorism

Terrorist/hate acts a person who group does to their own country

Stateless nation

a group of people with a common bond who have no place to call their own

Multinational/multiethnic state

all sorts of people with no common bond living in any given place (U.S.)

BOUNDARY TYPES: Relict

no longer functions as an international border, can still see the imprint on the cultural landscape (Berlin Wall and Great Wall of China)

BOUNDARY TYPES: Superimposed

placed on an area without regard for existing boundaries, doesn’t consider cultures (Africa during colonialism)

BOUNDARY TYPES: Subsequent

political boundary that developed with the cultural landscape, as people settled borders were drawn to separate different groups of people, naturally formed (China and Vietnam, North and South Korea)

BOUNDARY TYPES: Antecedent/physical

boundary that was identified before an area was settled (United States and Canada)

BOUNDARY TYPES: Geometric

regular, often perfectly straight, lines drawn without regard for an area’s physical or cultural features (Northern Africa)

BOUNDARY TYPES: Consequent

drawn to accommodate existing cultural differences (India and Pakistan, Ireland and Northern Ireland)