Spread of Protestantism Reading Questions

Lutheranism spread fairly quickly to what region of Europe to the north of the Holy Roman Empire?

Denmark

Why would the pope not grant Henry VIII an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon?

Divorce was not allowed, and troops of Emperor Charles V in Rome basically Holding Pope Clement VII Prisoner. It would also create tension between England and HRE.

As a result of the English Reformation, Henry VIII became the supreme head of the Church of…

England

Describe the doctrinal practices of the Church of England.

Basically, the same as Catholicism; confession, clerical celibacy, transubstantiation, 7 sacraments. But it allowed divorce.

Describe the social and political impact the English reformation had on English society and government.

Protestantism wasn’t very popular initially because change takes time, but it did eventually become very popular. When Henry VIII became supreme head of the Church of England, he took monastic land and proceeds and gave them to people he liked - his upper class)

Why might loyalty to the Catholic Church have remained strong in Ireland?

England technically had claim over the land, but in reality, they only controlled the small area around Dublin called the Pale. Any orders that had to be agreed on were not representative of the Irish people, only the English inhabiting the land.

Describe the religious situation in England during the reigns of Henry VIII’s successors: Edward VI, Mary I (Tudor), Elizabeth I

Edward was ruler for a short amount of time, was protestant, and really helped Protestantism take hold in England — Mary was Catholic and reinstated Catholicism, but it wasn’t the most popular and many people fled as she had Many protestants executed — Elizabeth was Protestant and helped to reform a lot of things, she chose a middle between Protestant and Catholic (but still wasn’t the nicest to Protestants), she had Protestantism as the State religion (or equivalent) but did not interfere with peoples private beliefs.

Despite many reasons for the conflict, what event may have sparked the late 16th century Spanish invasion of England?

When Elizabeth I had Mary (Queen of Scots) killed because she was involved in an assassination plot. Her husband Phillip II, urged by Catholic Pope retaliated and sent th Spanish Armada which was defeated. (Spain vs England)

What were the consequences of the English defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588?

Spanish navy improved after it was rebuilt, War dragged on, Catholic rule prevented, increased National sentiment increased, and increase of English power.

What city became a model Calvinist community in the 16th century, and what type of lifestyle would be emphasized by Calvinist leaders?

Geneva (Switzerland), believed that any occupation was a God-given “calling” and should be carried out with diligence and dedication, encouraged aggressive vigorous activism in both work and religious life, Reform minded community, believed in predestination.

Explain the “Protestant Work Ethic” as it relates to the 16th century Calvinism.

The harder you worked the more religious you were, basically since you were already predestined for heaven or hell if you worked more it “showed“ that you were probably predestined for heaven.

Besides religious reasons, why might Bohemia join the Protestant side against the HRE?

Jan Hus already spread his ideas that challenged the Catholic Authority, Hus was like, people were more open to Protestant ideas.

What effect did the Protestant Reformation have in Poland?

Poland went through several phases where they were protestant (Calvinism because they liked it had a French Origin and not a German one), but in the end ended up Roman Catholic again.

Besides religious reasons, why might Hungary eventually remain Catholic in early modern European history?

Largely due to geography, they were right between the Germans and Turks, and they held onto Catholicism because it was the “lesser of two evils”.