Teas 7 Reading: Craft and Structure

Expository

An explanatory or descriptive (detailed) text

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Ex: Scientific Essays, magazine articles, etc

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Expository = Encyclopedia

Sequence of events

A text that is structured from first to last

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Ex: Recipes, instruction manuals, etc

Cause/Effect

When an event, action, or idea is explained followed by the consequence of it

Narrative

A story-like format-usually fictional

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* Always used to entertain the reader

Persuasive

A structure in which the author attempts to convince the reader of something

Argumentative

A structure where the author clearly argues a point

Process Analysis

***a systematic review of all steps and procedures followed to perform a given activity***

Dewey Decimal System

Libraries use this to number sections of a library numerically by subject

Dictionary Entry

A set of information that provides the reader with a definition, part of speech, and multiple definitions. Words are typically put in alphabetical order

Guide Words

Located at the top of each dictionary page, they tell you the first and last word on the page.

Bias

A personal reference?

Stereotype

A widely held viewpoint pertaining to the image or idea of a particular person or group of people

Tone

How the author feels; inferred by the authors word of choice

Headings/subheadings

Serves as a title for a specific section of the text

Italics

Slanted letters used to emphasize certain words

Bold Front

Font that is bolded in order to catch a readers attention

Footnotes

notes at the bottom of a page that are signaled by numbers or letters

Technical

Writing that instructs and directs regarding a specific subject

Figurative Language

Language that goes beyond the literal meaning of a word or phrase

Simile

Uses “like” or “as” to directly compare two different things

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Ex: She is as tough as nails

Hyperbole

An extreme exaggeration of facts in order to stress the significance of a point

Personification

The use of words that imply human qualities to describe something that is not human

Symbolism

Is typically when some object is used to represent a deeper meaning

Metaphors

Uses words or phrases that compare two things (does not use “like” or “as”

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Ex: Love is a battlefield

Primary Source

A first hand account of event or topic; an original source of information

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Ex: Original published scientific work, results of clinical trials, photographs, artifacts

Secondary Source

Sources that analyze primary sources and provide no new evidence

Tertiary Source

Includes primary and secondary sources but does not present any new information

Claim

A statement that represents and/or directly backs up author’s main argument

Exaggerated Claim

A claim that is over the top or unbelievable: there is not relevant evidence to support this type of claim

Legend/Key

Defines the symbols used on the map for various landmarks

Glossary

A list of terms and their definitions that can be found at the back of certain types books (Ex: Reference or textbooks)

Table of Contents

Typically found at the front of the page which consists of different subjects or chapter title with a page number

First-Person Point of View

Uses the personal pronoun “I” or “we”

* Helps connect the author to the reader
* The reader feels a closeness and an emotional connection

Second-Person Point of View

Uses the second person pronoun “you”

* You is very informal

( Ex: Instruction Manual, Self-Help Manual, Ads, and Quotes)

Third- Person Point of View

Uses pronouns “he”, “she”, “they”, or “it”

* Their, themselves, himself and itself
* Comes from the point of view of the subject

( Ex: He always hated shopping for clothes)

Thesarus

A dictionary that is full of synonyms

Encyclopedia

is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline.

Obituary

an article about a recently deceased person.

Almanac

book/calendar used to determine when to plant crops or expect the first frost

Index

an alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc., with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a book.