Chapter 9: Chemical Equilibrium

dynamic equilibrium

chemicals are reacting on a molecular scale but not enough to change product or reactant concentrations

Kc

equilibrium constant in molarity

Kp

when partial pressures are used

Ksp

solubility product

Ka

acid ionization constant

Kb

base ionization constant

Large equilibrium constant favors ____

products

small equilibrium constant favors ____

reactants

if K = 1, there are ____ products and reactants

equal

a TFP reaction forms more ____ with very little assistance

products

non-TFP reaction favors and has more ____ when the equilibrium constant is less than 1

reactants

reaction quotient, Q

can be used at any point in time of a reaction, not just at equilibrium

Q = K

reaction in equilibrium

Q < K

reaction will move forward

Q > K

reaction will move in the reverse

Kp and Kc relationship equation

Kp = Kc(RT)^(Δng)

solubility product is used to….

find how much of salt is dissolved in water

the phases of reactants and products that do not appear in the equilibrium equation

liquids and solids

weak acids and bases ionize only ____ in water

slightly

Le Chatelier’s Principle

if a stress is added, the reaction will adjust to the stressor to go back to equilibrium

only ____ as a stress can change the equilibrium constant value

temperature

if pressure is added, the reaction will shift to the side with ____ moles

less

if reactant concentration is increased, product concentration will ____

increase