Anatomical Terms, Planes, & Movements

the position all anatomy is described in reference to

anatomical position

the 7 characteristics of anatomical position

standing upright

facing forward

each arm hanging on either side of the body

palms facing forward

legs parallel

feet flat on floor

feet facing forward

the 3 anatomical planes

frontal (coronal)

sagittal

transverse (horizontal, axial)

the 3 anatomical axes

sagittal

frontal (coronal)

longitudinal (vertical)

plane & axis

transverse plane

longitudinal axis

plane & axis

frontal plane

sagittal axis

plane, subplanes, & axis

sagittal plane

median sagittal plane (yellow)

parasagittal plane (purple)

frontal axis

median sagittal plane location

in the middle of the body

parasagittal plane location

off to the side

the plane is always ___ to the axis

perpendicular

plane

median (sagittal) plane of the hand

plane

median (sagittal) plane of the foot

3 anatomical sections

longitudinal

transverse

oblique

section

transverse

section

oblique

section & plane

longitudinal section

sagittal plane

name the 4 directional anatomical terms

pink- superior (cranial/rostral)

yellow- anterior (ventral)

green- inferior (caudal)

blue-posterior (dorsal)

name the 6 major locational anatomical terms

pink- proximal (upper body)

orange-distal (upper body)

yellow- distal (lower body)

green- proximal (lower body)

blue- lateral

purple- medial

proximal (upper body) meaning

close to the trunk

distal (upper body) meaning

farther from the trunk

distal (lower body) meaning

down toward the feet

proximal (lower body) meaning

up toward the hip

lateral meaning

moving away from the midline

medial meaning

moving toward the midline

superficial vs deep

superficial- closer to surface

internal vs external

external- on outside

central vs peripheral

central- core

peripheral- leaving/exiting

bilateral vs unilateral

bilateral- on both sides

ipsilateral vs contralateral

ipsilateral- same side

contralateral- opposite sides

palmer vs dorsal

palmer- hands facing anterior

plantar vs dorsal

plantar- bottom of the foot

basal vs apical

basal- base

apical- at the tip top (think pyramid)

cavities definition

spaces within the body bound by important landmark structures & containing vital organs

name the 3 cavities & their sub-cavities

yellow- cranial

blue- thoracic

green- abdominopelvic

green sub-cavities- abdominal & pelvic

cranial- 2 main associations

brain

CNS

what is the cranial cavity continuous with

spinal canal

thoracic cavity 2 main associations

chest

anything contained in ribs

abdominopelvic cavity 2 main associations

abdominal- digestive organs

pelvic- pelvis

name the 5 regions of the thorax

yellow- superior mediastinum

orange- inferior mediastinum

purple- right & left pulmonary space

green- diaphragm

pulmonary meaning

breathing, lungs

diaphragm role

closes the inferior thoracic aperture

name the 4 quadrants of the abdomen & their 2 borders

pink- upper right

yellow- upper left

green- lower right

blue- lower right

upper border- costal margin

lower border- Inguinal ‘ligaments’

found in upper right (2)

liver, gallbladder

found in upper left (2)

stomach, spleen

found in lower right (2)

descending & sigmoid colon

found in lower left (2)

appendix, ascending colon

costal margin definer

inferior border of the ribs

Inguinal ‘ligaments’ definers

hip bone to pubic bone

name the 9 regions of the abdomen, and the 3 sectioning lines

magenta- right hypochondriac region

pink- right lumbar region

red- right inguinal region

orange- epigastric region

yellow- umbilical region & umbilicus

green- pubic region

cyan- left hypochondriac region

blue- left lumbar region

purple- left inguinal region

vertical lines- midclavicular lines

horizontal line 1- subcostal (transpyloric) line (L1)

horizontal line 2- transtubercular line (5)

‘gastric’ meaning

stomach

‘chrondia’ meaning

cartilage

‘lumbar’ meaning

lower back

name the 9 regions of the upper limb ( & common names)

cyan- deltoid region (shoulder)

purple- arm

orange- elbow

blue- forearm

teal- hand (palmer & dorsal)

green- axillary region (armpit)

red- scapular region

yellow- carpal region (wrist)

name for hollow of the elbow

cubital fossa

back muscle group name

apendicular muscles

anatomical name for fingers

digits

what type of movements do upper limb muscles perform

complex movements

name the 5 regions of the upper limb ( & common names)

red- gluteal region (hip)

purple- thigh

green- knee

orange- leg (including ankle)

pink foot (dorsal & plantar surfaces)

name for the hollow of the knee

popliteal fossa

what type of movements do lower limb muscles perform (2)

weight bearing & lower limb movements

what are the 4 categories of frontal plane movements

lateral flexion

abduction & adduction

version & inversion

scapular movements

identify the frontal plane movement

eversion (green) / inversion (blue)

identify the frontal plane movement, and the reference point for each image

abduction/adduction

1 & 2- away from (abduction) or toward (adduction) midline of body

3- radial deviation (abduction) & ulnar deviation (adduction)

4- away from (abduction) or toward (adduction) midline of hand

identify the frontal plane movement

lateral flexion

identify the frontal plane movement

scapular movements

all movements in the frontal plane occur about which axis

sagittal axis

what is the category of sagittal plane movements

extension/flexion

for each number, identify which sagittal plane movement the coloured arrow corresponds to

1- orange = flexion, blue = extension

2- orange = flexion, blue = extension

3- blue = flexion (bending knee back), green = extension

4- blue = dorsiflexion, green = plantarflexion

5- blue = extension, green = flexion

6- blue = flexion (bending elbow in), green = extension

7- orange = flexion, blue = extension

8- orange = flexion, blue = extension

9- orange = flexion, blue = extension

all movements in the sagittal plane occur about which axis?

frontal axis

what are the 4 categories of frontal plane movements

rotation

abduction/adduction

protraction/retraction

supination/pronation

identify the transverse plane movement

red- protraction

green- retraction

identify the transverse plane movement

blue- abduction

green- adduction

identify the transverse plane movement, & what types ar being shown (if applicable)

rotation ( medial & lateral for any showing 2 rotations)

identify the transverse plane movement

blue- supination

green- pronation

all movements in the transverse plane occur about which axis

longitudinal axis

what is compound motion

using several muscle groups & movements collaboratively to produce movement

what are the 2 categories of compound movements

circumduction

reposition/opposition

identify the compound movement

pink- reposition

red- opposition

identify the compound movement

circumduction