________ is especially dangerous because radioactive particles could get inside your body.
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Thomson
________ suggested atoms were spheres of positive charge with tiny negative electrons stuck in them like fruit in a plum pudding- the plum pudding model.
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Nuclear equations
________ are a way of showing radioactive decay by using element symbols.
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Radioactive substances
________ give out radiation from the nuclei of their atoms- no matter what.
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Gloves
________ and tongs should be used when handling sources, to avoid particles getting stuck to your skin or under your nails.
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Gammas rays
________ are a way of getting rid of excess energy from a nucleus.
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beta particle
For every ________ emitted, a neutron in the nucleus has turned into a proton.
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Beta decay
________ increases the charge of the of the nucleus.
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Radiotherapy
________- treating cancer with radiation.
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Niels Bohr
________ said that electrons orbiting the nucleus do so at certain distances called energy levels.
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proton
A(n) ________ is positively charges and a neutron is neutral, so the charge of the nucleus decreases.
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Radiation
________- emitting implants can also be put next to or inside tumours.
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Exposure
________ to radiation is called irradiation.
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Lower doses
________ tend to cause minor damage without killing the cells.
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Gamma sources
________ are usually used in medical tracers.
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Half life
________ can be used to find the rate at which a source decays- its ACTIVITY.
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short half life
A(n) ________ means the activity falls quickly, because the nuclei are very unstable and rapidly decay.
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splits
Two or three neutrons are also released when an atom ________.
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Rutherford
________ replaced the plum pudding model with the nuclear model.
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high speed
Two light nuclei collide at ________ and join to create larger, heavier nucleus.
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mass numbers
They can also release neutrons when they decay, as they rebalance their atomic and ________.
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1804
In ________, John Dalton agreed with Democritus that matter was made up of tiny spheres that couldnt be broken up, but he reckoned that each element was made up of a different type of atom.
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Radioactivity
________ is a totally random process.
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Isotopes
________ are different forms of the same element.
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radioactivity of a source
The ________ decreases over time.
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strongest reading
A computer converts the reading to a display showing where the ________ is coming from.
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Fusion
________ released a lot of energy.
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Alpha decay
________ decreases the charge and mass of the nucleus.
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separate light nuclei
Heavier nucleus produced does not have as much mass as the two ________ did.
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high doses
Since ________ of ionising radiation will kill all living cells, it can be used to treat cancers.
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particle
A a- ________ is two neutrons and two protons.
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chain reactions
Uncontrolled ________ quickly lead to lots of energy being released as an explosion- this is how nuclear weapons work.
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Background radiation
________ is the low- level radiation thats around us all the time.
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nuclear model
The ________ that resulted from the alpha particle scattering experiment was a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons.
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Nuclear fission
________- splitting a large, unstable nucleus.
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Beta sources
________ are less damaging inside the body, as radiation is absorbed over a wider area, and some passes out of the body although.
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Nuclear fusion
________ is the opposite of nuclear fission.
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radiation doss
The ________ tells you the risk of harm to body tissues due to exposure to radiation.
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Alpha particles
________ are helium nuclei.
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Alpha radiation
________ is when an alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus.
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nuclear equations
In ________, an alpha particles can be written as a helium nucleus.
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Beta particles
________ have virtually no mass and a charge of- 1.
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Contamination
________ is radioactive particles getting onto objects.
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beta decay
When ________ occurs, a neutron in the nucleus turns into a proton and releases a fast- moving electron.
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Gamma rays
________ are directed carefully and at just the right dosage to kill the cancer cells without damaging too many normal cells.
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Radiation
________ from space, which is known as cosmic rays.
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Gamma sources
________ are the least dangerous inside the body, as they mostly pass straight out- they have the lowest ionising power.
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Radioactive substances
________ spit out one or more types of ionising radiation from their nucleus- the ones you need to know are alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
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background radiation
The dose from ________ is small, so millisieverts are often used.
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Gamma rays
________ are waves of electromagnetic radiation released by the nucleus.
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Risks
prolonged exposure to radiation poses future risks and causes side effects
Studied by 10 people
