Studied by 10 peopleContamination
________ is especially dangerous because radioactive particles could get inside your body.
Thomson
________ suggested atoms were spheres of positive charge with tiny negative electrons stuck in them like fruit in a plum pudding- the plum pudding model.
Nuclear equations
________ are a way of showing radioactive decay by using element symbols.
Radioactive substances
________ give out radiation from the nuclei of their atoms- no matter what.
Gloves
________ and tongs should be used when handling sources, to avoid particles getting stuck to your skin or under your nails.
Gammas rays
________ are a way of getting rid of excess energy from a nucleus.
beta particle
For every ________ emitted, a neutron in the nucleus has turned into a proton.
Beta decay
________ increases the charge of the of the nucleus.
Radiotherapy
________- treating cancer with radiation.
Niels Bohr
________ said that electrons orbiting the nucleus do so at certain distances called energy levels.
proton
A(n) ________ is positively charges and a neutron is neutral, so the charge of the nucleus decreases.
Radiation
________- emitting implants can also be put next to or inside tumours.
Exposure
________ to radiation is called irradiation.
Lower doses
________ tend to cause minor damage without killing the cells.
Gamma sources
________ are usually used in medical tracers.
Half life
________ can be used to find the rate at which a source decays- its ACTIVITY.
short half life
A(n) ________ means the activity falls quickly, because the nuclei are very unstable and rapidly decay.
splits
Two or three neutrons are also released when an atom ________.
Rutherford
________ replaced the plum pudding model with the nuclear model.
high speed
Two light nuclei collide at ________ and join to create larger, heavier nucleus.
mass numbers
They can also release neutrons when they decay, as they rebalance their atomic and ________.
1804
In ________, John Dalton agreed with Democritus that matter was made up of tiny spheres that couldnt be broken up, but he reckoned that each element was made up of a different type of atom.
Radioactivity
________ is a totally random process.
Isotopes
________ are different forms of the same element.
radioactivity of a source
The ________ decreases over time.
strongest reading
A computer converts the reading to a display showing where the ________ is coming from.
Fusion
________ released a lot of energy.
Alpha decay
________ decreases the charge and mass of the nucleus.
separate light nuclei
Heavier nucleus produced does not have as much mass as the two ________ did.
high doses
Since ________ of ionising radiation will kill all living cells, it can be used to treat cancers.
particle
A a- ________ is two neutrons and two protons.
chain reactions
Uncontrolled ________ quickly lead to lots of energy being released as an explosion- this is how nuclear weapons work.
Background radiation
________ is the low- level radiation thats around us all the time.
nuclear model
The ________ that resulted from the alpha particle scattering experiment was a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons.
Nuclear fission
________- splitting a large, unstable nucleus.
Beta sources
________ are less damaging inside the body, as radiation is absorbed over a wider area, and some passes out of the body although.
Nuclear fusion
________ is the opposite of nuclear fission.
radiation doss
The ________ tells you the risk of harm to body tissues due to exposure to radiation.
Alpha particles
________ are helium nuclei.
Alpha radiation
________ is when an alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus.
nuclear equations
In ________, an alpha particles can be written as a helium nucleus.
Beta particles
________ have virtually no mass and a charge of- 1.
Contamination
________ is radioactive particles getting onto objects.
beta decay
When ________ occurs, a neutron in the nucleus turns into a proton and releases a fast- moving electron.
Gamma rays
________ are directed carefully and at just the right dosage to kill the cancer cells without damaging too many normal cells.
Radiation
________ from space, which is known as cosmic rays.
Gamma sources
________ are the least dangerous inside the body, as they mostly pass straight out- they have the lowest ionising power.
Radioactive substances
________ spit out one or more types of ionising radiation from their nucleus- the ones you need to know are alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
background radiation
The dose from ________ is small, so millisieverts are often used.
Gamma rays
________ are waves of electromagnetic radiation released by the nucleus.
Risks
prolonged exposure to radiation poses future risks and causes side effects
Benefits
can get rid of cancer entirely
Note 
Flashcard (135)