APUSH - HP 5 Vocab + Connections

Slave Codes

Laws restricting enslaved people’s movement, education, and rights to maintain white control. (led to harsher enforcement & resistance)

Task System

Slave labor system where enslaved workers completed assigned daily tasks then had free time. (led to more autonomy than gang labor)

Compromise of 1850

Admitted California as free, strengthened Fugitive Slave Act, used popular sovereignty in NM/UT, ended slave trade in D.C. (led to sectional tension)

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand westward. (led to Mexican War & slavery debates)

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed popular sovereignty, repealed Missouri Compromise. (led to Bleeding Kansas & Republican Party)

Popular Sovereignty

Let territorial settlers vote on slavery. (led to Kansas violence)

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed ban on slavery in Mexican Cession; failed. (led to major sectional division)

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Court ruled enslaved people were not citizens and Congress couldn’t ban slavery in territories. (led to Northern outrage)

John Brown

Radical abolitionist behind Pottawatomie Creek massacre and Harpers Ferry raid. (led to Southern fear of revolt)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended Mexican War; U.S. gained Mexican Cession. (led to slavery expansion debate)

Oregon Trail

Migration route to Oregon Territory in 1840s–50s. (led to U.S. settlement of Northwest)

“Forty-Niners”

Gold seekers who moved to CA after 1848 Gold Rush. (led to rapid CA statehood)

Free-Soil Party

Party opposing slavery expansion into territories. (led to Republican Party formation)

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed slaves in Confederate territories; made war about ending slavery. (led to Black enlistment & diplomatic shift)

Antietam

Bloodiest single day of the war; Union victory. (led to momentum for Emancipation Proclamation)

Fort Sumter

First battle of Civil War; Confederates fired on Union fort. (led to Northern mobilization)

Gettysburg

Turning point battle; stopped Confederate invasion of North. (led to Confederate decline)

Homestead Act

Gave settlers 160 acres for western migration. (led to rapid settlement)

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederacy during the Civil War. (led to Confederate political direction)

Morrill Land Grant Act

Gave land to states to create agricultural & mechanical colleges. (led to public university growth)

Black Codes

Southern laws restricting freedmen’s rights. (led to Radical Reconstruction)

Carpetbaggers

Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction. (led to Southern resentment)

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction; Hayes becomes president, federal troops withdrawn. (led to rise of Jim Crow)

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery. (led to Reconstruction challenges)

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship & equal protection. (led to civil rights legal battles)

15th Amendment

Granted voting rights regardless of race. (led to Southern voter suppression)

Freedmen’s Bureau

Helped freedpeople with food, education, and labor contracts. (led to growth of Black schools)

Jim Crow Laws

Required segregation in the South. (led to institutionalized discrimination)

Panic of 1873

Severe economic depression from railroad/bank failures. (led to weakened support for Reconstruction)

Plessy v. Ferguson

Upheld “separate but equal” segregation. (led to legalized Jim Crow)

Scalawags

Southern whites supporting Reconstruction/Republicans. (led to Southern political divide)

Radical Republicans

Wanted harsh Reconstruction + strong Black rights protections. (led to Reconstruction Acts & Johnson impeachment)

Wade-Davis Bill

Strict Reconstruction plan requiring 50% loyalty oath; vetoed by Lincoln. (led to conflict over Reconstruction)